设计说明书
总字数：12000+
摘要
随着城市交通流量的增长与出行需求的多元化，出租车调度效率低、空驶率高、乘客与车辆匹配滞后等问题日益凸显。传统调度模式依赖人工电台沟通，难以实时掌握出租车载客状态与位置信息，不仅增加司机运营成本，也导致乘客等待时间延长，影响出行体验。尤其在早晚高峰、恶劣天气等出行高峰期，供需信息不对称的问题更为突出，亟需一种能实时识别车辆状态、精准定位并高效传输数据的智能调度方案。
本设计提出一种基于 STM32F103C8T6 单片机的 RFID 出租车调度系统。系统核心功能包括：通过 RFID-RC522 模块实现对出租车的身份识别（支持 3 台出租车模拟演示），出租车空车时刷 RFID 卡，系统触发 ATGM332D-5N GPS 模块获取当前经纬度信息，并通过 4G 模块将 “空车 + 位置” 数据远程传输至手机端；当出租车载客后再次刷 RFID 卡，系统清除经纬度信息传输，向手机端反馈 “载客” 状态，完成车辆状态切换；全程通过 STM32F103C8T6 单片机协调各模块工作，确保数据采集、识别、传输的实时性与准确性。
该 RFID 出租车调度系统的作用在于，为出租车行业提供了一种低成本、高效率的智能调度解决方案。通过 RFID 精准识别车辆载客状态，结合 GPS 定位与 4G 数据传输，实现出租车位置与状态信息的实时同步，帮助调度中心或乘客快速匹配空车资源，降低司机空驶率，缩短乘客等待时间；同时，简化的刷卡操作适配司机日常使用习惯，无需复杂培训即可上手，为提升城市交通出行效率、优化出租车运营模式提供有力支持。
关键词：STM32F103C8T6；RFID；出租车调度；GPS 定位；4G 数据传输
Design of RFID based Taxi Dispatch System
Abstract
With the growth of urban traffic flow and the diversification of travel demand, problems such as low efficiency of taxi dispatch, high vacancy rate, and lagging matching between passengers and vehicles are becoming increasingly prominent. The traditional scheduling mode relies on manual radio communication, which makes it difficult to grasp the real-time status and location information of taxi passengers. This not only increases the operating costs of drivers, but also leads to longer waiting times for passengers, affecting the travel experience. Especially during peak travel periods such as morning and evening rush hours and severe weather, the problem of asymmetric supply and demand information is more prominent, and there is an urgent need for an intelligent scheduling solution that can recognize vehicle status in real time, accurately locate and efficiently transmit data.
This design proposes an RFID taxi dispatch system based on STM32F103C8T6 microcontroller. The core functions of the system include: implementing taxi identity recognition through the RFID-RC522 module (supporting 3 taxi simulation demonstrations), flashing RFID cards when the taxi is empty, triggering the ATGM332D-5N GPS module to obtain current latitude and longitude information, and remotely transmitting “empty car+location” data to the mobile phone through the 4G module; When the taxi picks up passengers and swipes the RFID card again, the system clears the transmission of latitude and longitude information, feeds back the “passenger” status to the mobile phone, and completes the vehicle status switch; The entire process is coordinated by the STM32F103C8T6 microcontroller to ensure real-time and accurate data acquisition, recognition, and transmission of various modules.
The function of this RFID taxi dispatch system is to provide a low-cost and high-efficiency intelligent dispatch solution for the taxi industry. By accurately identifying the passenger status of vehicles through RFID, combined with GPS positioning and 4G data transmission, real-time synchronization of taxi location and status information can be achieved, helping dispatch centers or passengers quickly match empty resources, reducing the driver’s empty driving rate, and shortening passenger waiting time; At the same time, the simplified card swiping operation adapts to the daily usage habits of drivers, and can be mastered without complex training, providing strong support for improving urban transportation efficiency and optimizing taxi operation modes.
Keywords： STM32F103C8T6; RFID； Taxi dispatch; GPS positioning; 4G data transmission
目 录
1 绪论
1.1 研究背景及意义
1.2 国内外研究现状
1.3 主要内容
2 系统总体方案设计
2.1系统总体设计
2.2 主要模块方案选择
3 系统硬件设计
3.1 总体硬件框架
3.2 主控模块电路设计
3.3 RFID 识别模块电路设计
3.4 GPS 定位模块电路设计
3.5 4G 传输模块电路设计
4 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 GPS模块子流程设计
4.4 RFID模块子流程设计
4.5 4G模块联网子流程设计
5 实物制作与功能测试
5.1 实物制作
5.2 RFID 车辆识别与状态切换功能测试
5.3 GPS 定位功能测试
5.4 4G 数据传输功能测试
5.5 系统整体协同功能测试
6 总结
参考文献
致谢
附录A 原理图
附录B PCB
附录C 主程序