设计说明书
总字数：14000+
摘要
随着私家车保有量激增，传统车库管理面临车辆进出效率低、车位状态难实时掌握、人工记录易出错等问题。尤其在居民小区、商业停车场等场景，车辆排队等待入场、找不到空闲车位的情况频发，不仅影响用户停车体验，还可能造成车库出入口拥堵，降低整体管理效率，亟需一种自动化、智能化的车库管理方案。
本设计提出一种基于 STC89C52 单片机的车库管理系统。系统核心功能包括：通过两对分离式红外对射管监测车辆进出状态；借助 RFID-RC522 模块识别车辆车牌号，并在 LCD12864 显示屏上展示；当监测到车辆进入且识别车牌号后，控制 SG90 舵机模拟道闸打开；通过三个红外避障管分别监测三个车位的占用情况，有车时对应红色指示灯点亮；当车位已满且有车辆进入时，触发蜂鸣器报警提醒；检测到车辆驶出且识别车牌号后，控制 SG90 舵机打开道闸。
该系统的作用在于，为车库提供低成本、自动化的管理方案。通过自动识别车辆、监测车位状态与控制道闸，减少人工干预，提升车辆进出效率，帮助用户快速了解车位情况，避免无效等待，同时降低车库管理成本，为优化车库运营提供有力支持。
关键词：STC89C52 单片机；车库管理系统；RFID 识别；红外监测；舵机控制
Design of Garage Management System Based on 51 Single Chip Microcomputer
Abstract
With the sharp increase in the number of private cars, traditional garage management is facing problems such as low efficiency in vehicle entry and exit, difficulty in real-time monitoring of parking space status, and easy errors in manual recording. Especially in residential areas, commercial parking lots, and other scenarios, the situation of vehicles queuing for entry and unable to find available parking spaces is frequent. This not only affects the user’s parking experience, but may also cause congestion at the entrance and exit of the garage, reducing overall management efficiency. An automated and intelligent garage management solution is urgently needed.
This design proposes a garage management system based on STC89C52 microcontroller. The core functions of the system include: monitoring the entry and exit status of vehicles through two pairs of separated infrared tubes; Identify the vehicle license plate number using the RFID-RC522 module and display it on the LCD12864 display screen; After detecting the vehicle entering and recognizing the license plate number, control the SG90 servo to simulate the opening of the barrier gate; Monitor the occupancy of three parking spaces through three infrared obstacle avoidance tubes, and when there are cars, the corresponding red indicator lights will light up; When the parking space is full and a vehicle enters, trigger the buzzer alarm reminder; After detecting the vehicle’s departure and recognizing the license plate number, control the SG90 servo to open the barrier gate.
The purpose of this system is to provide a low-cost, automated management solution for garages. By automatically identifying vehicles, monitoring parking status, and controlling barriers, reducing manual intervention, improving vehicle entry and exit efficiency, helping users quickly understand parking conditions, avoiding ineffective waiting, and reducing garage management costs, it provides strong support for optimizing garage operations.
Keywords：STC89C52 microcontroller; Garage management system; RFID identification; Infrared monitoring; Steering gear control
目 录
1 绪论
1.1 研究背景及意义
1.2 国内外研究现状
1.3 主要内容
2 系统总体方案设计
2.1系统总体设计
2.2 主要模块方案选择
3 系统硬件设计
3.1 总体硬件框架
3.2 主控模块电路设计
3.3 车辆监测模块电路设计
3.4 RFID 识别模块电路设计
3.5 显示模块电路设计
3.6 道闸控制模块电路设计
3.7 车位监测与状态指示模块电路设计
3.8 报警模块电路设计
4 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 分离式红外开关模块子流程设计
4.4 红外避障模块子流程设计
4.5 RFID模块子流程设计
4.6 舵机子流程设计
4.7 LCD12864显示屏子流程设计
5 实物制作与功能测试
5.1 实物制作
5.2 车辆监测功能测试
5.3 RFID 识别与显示功能测试
5.4 道闸控制功能测试
5.5 车位监测与状态指示功能测试
5.6 满位报警功能测试
6 总结
参考文献
致谢
附录A 原理图
附录B PCB
附录C 主程序