设计说明书
总字数：19000+
摘要
随着城市化进程加快，电梯作为四层建筑的核心垂直交通工具，其运行的安全性、可靠性与高效性直接关系到用户乘梯体验与建筑运营效率。若电梯控制存在响应不及时、安全防护缺失等问题，易引发乘梯不便甚至安全隐患，因此研发一套适配四层场景的精准电梯控制系统十分必要。
本设计提出一种基于 STC89C52 单片机的四层电梯控制系统，系统分为内机与外机两部分。内机部分：通过按键实现电梯内部 1-4 层选层及开门、关门操作；借助两个 ULN2003A 分别驱动四相步进电机，其一模拟电梯开关门（正反转动半圈），其二模拟电梯升降（每转一圈对应一层）；通过 HX711 采集电梯内重量，开门时若超载，蜂鸣器报警且不关门，直至超载解除；通过分离式红外对管实现防夹功能，关门时触发则自动开门；通过 MAX7219 两位点阵屏显示当前楼层及上下箭头；通过 ECBO2 蓝牙将当前楼层发送至外机。外机部分：通过矩阵键盘实现 1-4 层外部呼叫；通过 4 个 LED 灯指示电梯到达楼层；通过 ECBO2 蓝牙获取内机数据并发送楼层请求。
该四层电梯控制系统为四层建筑提供了安全、高效的电梯控制方案，多重安全防护保障乘梯安全，精准控制与数据交互提升运行效率，优化了用户乘梯体验。
关键词：STC89C52 单片机；四层电梯控制系统；步进电机驱动；HX711 重量采集；ECBO2 蓝牙通信；红外防夹
Design of Four story Elevator Control System Based on Single chip Microcomputer
Abstract
With the acceleration of urbanization, elevators, as the core vertical transportation tool for four story buildings, have a direct impact on user experience and building operation efficiency in terms of safety, reliability, and efficiency. If there are problems such as delayed response and lack of safety protection in elevator control, it is easy to cause inconvenience and even safety hazards when riding the elevator. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a precise elevator control system that is suitable for four floor scenarios.
This design proposes a four story elevator control system based on STC89C52 microcontroller, which is divided into two parts: the internal unit and the external unit. Internal unit: Use buttons to select floors 1-4 inside the elevator and perform door opening and closing operations; Two ULN2003A are used to drive four phase stepping motors respectively. One simulates the opening and closing of the elevator (forward and reverse rotation for half a circle), and the other simulates the elevator lifting (each rotation corresponds to one floor); Collect the weight inside the elevator through HX711. If there is an overload when opening the door, the buzzer will sound an alarm and the door will not be closed until the overload is lifted; The anti pinch function is achieved through a separated infrared tube, which automatically opens the door when triggered; Display the current floor and up and down arrows on the MAX7219 two dot matrix screen; Send the current floor to the external device via ECBO2 Bluetooth. External part: external calls from layers 1-4 are implemented through a matrix keyboard; Indicate the elevator’s arrival at the floor through 4 LED lights; Obtain internal data through ECBO2 Bluetooth and send floor requests.
This four story elevator control system provides a safe and efficient elevator control solution for four story buildings, with multiple safety protections to ensure elevator safety, precise control and data interaction to improve operational efficiency, and optimize user elevator experience.
Keywords：STC89C52 microcontroller; Fourth floor elevator control system; Stepper motor drive; HX711 weight collection; ECBO2 Bluetooth communication; Infrared anti pinch
目 录
1 绪论
1.1 研究背景及意义
1.2 国内外研究现状
1.3 主要内容
2 系统总体方案设计
2.1系统总体设计
2.2 主要模块方案选择
3 系统硬件设计
3.1 总体硬件框架
3.2 主控模块电路设计
3.3 内机功能模块电路设计
3.4 外机功能模块电路设计
4 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 矩阵键盘子流程
4.4 称重模块HX711模块子流程
4.5 蓝牙模块子流程
5 实物制作与功能测试
5.1 实物制作
5.2 内机按键与步进电机驱动功能测试
5.3 重量采集与超载报警功能测试
5.4 防夹检测功能测试
5.5 内机显示与蓝牙数据发送功能测试
5.6 外机矩阵键盘与蓝牙数据接收功能测试
5.7 外机楼层指示功能测试
6 总结
参考文献
致谢
附录A 原理图
附录B PCB
附录C 主程序