设计说明书
总字数：17000+
摘要
随着家禽养殖业规模化发展，肉鸡孵化过程对环境参数（温湿度、光照）的精准控制要求愈发严格。温湿度偏离适宜范围（温度 37.8-38.5℃、湿度 50-60%）或光照不足，会导致胚胎发育不良、孵化率下降，甚至批量死亡，造成经济损失。传统肉鸡孵化多依赖人工巡检调节，存在响应滞后、参数控制精度低、人力成本高的问题，难以满足规模化孵化的稳定需求。因此，研发一款能实时监测、自动调节、远程管控的单片机孵化检测系统，对提升肉鸡孵化成功率、降低养殖成本具有重要现实意义。
本设计提出了一种基于 STM32F103C8T6 单片机的肉鸡孵化检测系统。系统主要功能包括：通过 DHT11 温湿度传感器实时采集孵化环境温湿度，当数值超出设定范围时，自动驱动继电器控制加热、制冷、加湿、除湿设备启停，维持环境稳定；通过 5516 光照检测模块监测光照强度，当光照低于设定最小值时，继电器驱动补光设备开启，补光时长可通过按键自定义设定；支持通过按键现场设置温湿度阈值、光照最小值及补光时长；通过 OLED 显示屏实时显示温湿度、光照值、设备工作状态及当前设定阈值；借助 ESP8266-12F WIFI 模块，将监测数据远程发送至手机端，同时支持手机端远程修改各参数阈值，实现 “现场 + 远程” 双重管控。
该肉鸡孵化检测系统的作用在于，为规模化肉鸡孵化提供了一种精准、高效、便捷的环境管控工具。通过实时监测与自动调节，确保孵化环境参数稳定在适宜范围，减少人工干预误差；远程管控功能降低巡检成本，方便管理人员实时掌握孵化状态，及时应对异常情况，有效提升肉鸡胚胎孵化率与健康存活率，助力家禽养殖业提质增效。
关键词：单片机；肉鸡孵化检测系统；温湿度控制；光照补光；远程监控
Detection System for Chicken Hatching Based on Single Chip Microcomputer
Abstract
With the large-scale development of poultry farming, the precise control requirements for environmental parameters (temperature, humidity, light) during the hatching process of broiler chickens have become increasingly strict. Deviation of temperature and humidity from the appropriate range (temperature 37.8-38.5 ℃, humidity 50-60%) or insufficient light can lead to poor embryo development, decreased hatching rate, and even mass death, resulting in economic losses. Traditional broiler hatching relies heavily on manual inspection and adjustment, which has problems such as delayed response, low parameter control accuracy, and high labor costs, making it difficult to meet the stable needs of large-scale hatching. Therefore, developing a microcontroller incubation detection system that can monitor, automatically adjust, and remotely control in real time is of great practical significance for improving the success rate of broiler hatching and reducing breeding costs.
This design proposes a broiler hatching detection system based on STM32F103C8T6 microcontroller. The main functions of the system include: real-time collection of incubation environment temperature and humidity through DHT11 temperature and humidity sensors. When the value exceeds the set range, the relay is automatically driven to control the start and stop of heating, cooling, humidification, and dehumidification equipment, maintaining environmental stability; By monitoring the light intensity through the 5516 light detection module, when the light is below the set minimum value, the relay drives the supplementary lighting device to turn on, and the supplementary lighting duration can be customized by pressing the button; Support on-site setting of temperature and humidity thresholds, minimum lighting values, and supplementary lighting duration through buttons; Real time display of temperature, humidity, lighting value, equipment working status, and current set threshold through OLED display screen; With the help of ESP8266-12F WIFI module, monitoring data can be remotely sent to the mobile end, while supporting remote modification of various parameter thresholds on the mobile end, achieving dual control of “on-site+remote”.
The function of this broiler hatching detection system is to provide a precise, efficient, and convenient environmental control tool for large-scale broiler hatching. By real-time monitoring and automatic adjustment, ensure that the incubation environment parameters are stable within the appropriate range and reduce manual intervention errors; The remote control function reduces inspection costs, facilitates management personnel to grasp the hatching status in real time, respond to abnormal situations in a timely manner, effectively improves the hatching rate and healthy survival rate of broiler embryos, and helps improve the quality and efficiency of poultry farming.
Keywords： microcontroller; Chicken hatching detection system; Temperature and humidity control; Light supplementation; remote monitoring
目 录
1 绪论
1.1 研究背景及意义
1.2 国内外研究现状
1.3 主要内容
2 系统总体方案设计
2.1系统总体设计
2.2 主要模块方案选择
3 系统硬件设计
3.1 总体硬件框架
3.2 主控模块电路设计
3.3 温湿度检测模块电路设计
3.4 光照检测模块电路设计
3.5 继电器控制模块电路设计
3.6 按键模块电路设计
3.7 显示模块电路设计
3.8 WIFI 通信模块电路设计
4 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 独立按键
4.4 光照检测模块子流程设计
4.5 温湿度检测模块子流程设计
4.6 OLED显示流程设计
4.7 WiFi模块子流程设计
5 实物制作与功能测试
5.1 实物制作
5.2 温湿度检测与继电器调节功能测试
5.3 光照检测与补光控制功能测试
5.4 阈值设置与 OLED 显示功能测试
5.5 WIFI 数据传输与远程控制功能测试
6 总结
参考文献
致谢
附录A 原理图
附录B PCB
附录C 主程序