设计说明书
总字数：22000+
摘要
随着育儿精细化需求提升与婴儿护理理念完善，婴儿箱作为新生儿及婴幼儿的重要护理设备，其环境稳定性与状态监测能力直接关系婴儿健康。婴儿体温异常若未及时发现，可能引发感染等并发症；尿床后未快速处理易导致皮肤问题；箱内温湿度失衡、CO₂浓度过高会影响呼吸健康；婴儿哭泣时若响应滞后，易加剧情绪焦虑。传统婴儿箱多依赖人工巡检，存在监测不实时、响应不及时的问题，难以满足全天候精准护理需求。因此，研发一款能自动监测婴儿状态、智能调节环境、及时预警的基于单片机的婴儿箱，对提升婴儿护理安全性与便利性具有重要意义。
本设计提出了一种基于 STC89C52 单片机的婴儿箱。系统主要功能包括：通过 MLX90614 红外测温传感器检测婴儿体温，体温超出设定阈值时，通过 ECBO2 蓝牙模块传送提示信息并触发 LED 灯闪烁；借助电容式液体检测模块识别婴儿尿床，异常时同步启动蓝牙提示与 LED 闪烁；通过 DHT11 检测箱内温湿度，温湿度偏离设定范围时，自动控制加热、制冷、加湿、除湿设备调节环境；利用 SGP30 检测 CO₂浓度，浓度过高时开启风扇通风；通过模拟量声音检测模块捕捉婴儿哭泣，声贝达标后，通过蓝牙发送提示并驱动 DY-SV17F 模块播放安抚音乐；支持按键设置体温、温湿度、CO₂浓度、声贝等各参数阈值；通过 LCD1602 显示屏实时展示各项测量数据。
该婴儿箱的作用在于，为婴儿护理提供了一种智能、高效的护理设备。通过多维度自动监测与智能响应，减少人工护理压力，确保婴儿处于温度适宜、湿度合理、空气清新的环境中；及时的异常预警与安抚功能，能快速处理婴儿不适状况，保障婴儿身体健康与情绪稳定，为新生儿及婴幼儿护理提供可靠支撑。
关键词：单片机；婴儿箱；状态监测；智能调节；蓝牙预警
Design of Baby Box Based on Single Chip Microcomputer
Abstract
With the increasing demand for precision parenting and the improvement of infant care concepts, as an important nursing equipment for newborns and infants, the environmental stability and status monitoring ability of the baby box are directly related to infant health. If abnormal body temperature in infants is not detected in a timely manner, it may lead to complications such as infection; Untreated bedwetting can easily lead to skin problems; Imbalance of temperature and humidity inside the box, as well as high concentration of CO ₂, can affect respiratory health; If a baby’s response is delayed when crying, it can easily lead to plot anxiety. Traditional baby boxes rely heavily on manual inspection, which leads to issues of untimely monitoring and response, making it difficult to meet the demand for round the clock precision care. Therefore, developing a microcontroller based baby box that can automatically monitor the status of infants, intelligently adjust the environment, and provide timely warnings is of great significance for improving the safety and convenience of infant care.
This design proposes a baby box based on STC89C52 microcontroller. The main functions of the system include: detecting the baby’s body temperature through the MLX90614 infrared temperature sensor. When the body temperature exceeds the set threshold, a prompt message is transmitted through the ECBO2 Bluetooth module and the LED light is triggered to flash; Using a capacitive liquid detection module to identify baby bedwetting, synchronously activate Bluetooth prompts and LED flashing when abnormal; By using DHT11 to detect the temperature and humidity inside the box, when the temperature and humidity deviate from the set range, the heating, cooling, humidification, and dehumidification equipment will be automatically controlled to adjust the environment; Use SGP30 to detect CO ₂ concentration, and turn on the fan for ventilation when the concentration is too high; By using an analog sound detection module to capture baby crying, after the sound is detected, a prompt is sent via Bluetooth and the DY-SV17F module is driven to play soothing music; Support button settings for temperature, humidity, CO ₂ concentration, sound intensity, and other parameter thresholds; Real time display of various measurement data through the LCD1602 display screen.
The function of this baby box is to provide an intelligent and efficient nursing device for infant care. Through multi-dimensional automatic monitoring and intelligent response, reduce the pressure of manual care, and ensure that infants are in an environment with appropriate temperature, reasonable humidity, and fresh air; Timely abnormal warning and soothing functions can quickly handle infant discomfort, ensure infant physical health and emotional stability, and provide reliable support for newborn and infant care.
Keywords：microcontroller; Baby box; Status monitoring; Intelligent regulation; Bluetooth warning
目 录
1 绪论
1.1 研究背景及意义
1.2 国内外研究现状
1.3 主要内容
2 系统总体方案设计
2.1系统总体设计
2.2 主要模块方案选择
3 系统硬件设计
3.1 总体硬件框架
3.2 主控模块电路设计
3.3 婴儿体温监测模块电路设计
3.4 尿床检测模块电路设计
3.5 箱内温湿度检测模块电路设计
3.6 箱内 CO₂浓度检测模块电路设计
3.7 声音检测模块电路设计
3.8 音乐播放模块电路设计
3.9 继电器控制模块电路设计
3.10 按键模块电路设计
3.11 LCD1602 显示模块电路设计
3.12 ECBO2 蓝牙预警模块电路设计
3.13 指示灯模块电路设计
4 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 独立按键
4.4 温湿度检测模块子流程设计
4.5 SGP30模块子流程设计
4.6 红外测温模块子流程设计
4.7 声音检测模块子流程设计
4.8 音乐播放模块子流程设计
4.9 LCD1602显示屏子流程设计
4.10 蓝牙模块子流程设计
5 实物制作与功能测试
5.1 实物制作
5.2 婴儿体温监测与蓝牙预警功能测试
5.3 尿床检测与蓝牙预警功能测试
5.4 箱内温湿度调节功能测试
5.5 箱内 CO₂浓度监测与通风功能测试
5.6 婴儿哭泣监测与音乐安抚功能测试
5.7 按键参数设置功能测试
5.8 LCD1602 数据显示功能测试
6 总结
参考文献
致谢
附录A 原理图
附录B PCB
附录C 主程序