设计说明书
总字数：17000+
摘要
随着地下水资源污染问题日益突出及民生饮水安全关注度的持续提升，地下水质的实时监测与风险预警已成为生态环境保护、农业生产保障及居民健康维护的核心需求。若地下水质污染隐患未能及时发现，不仅会导致饮用水源受污，引发消化道疾病等健康问题，还会影响农田灌溉水质，降低农产品质量，对社会经济可持续发展造成严重制约。因此，研发一款操作便捷、适配野外环境且具备异常报警功能的地下水质检测设备，具有重要的现实意义。
本设计提出一种基于 STC89C52 单片机的太阳能地下水质检测系统。系统主要功能包括：通过 TDS 水质检测模块实时采集地下水质浓度数据，精准捕捉水质变化；用户可通过按键自主设置水质最大浓度阈值，满足不同场景（如饮用水、灌溉水）的监测标准；借助 LCD1602 显示屏清晰呈现当前水质浓度值与预设阈值，便于直观读取；当检测到水质浓度超出预设最大值时，系统自动启动声光报警，及时提醒相关人员采取干预措施；同时，系统配备太阳能板与锂电池，通过太阳能板将光能转化为电能为锂电池充电，再由锂电池为整个系统稳定供电，有效解决野外无外接电源的供电难题，保障设备全天候持续运行。
该太阳能地下水质检测系统的作用在于，为地下水质监测提供了低成本、高可靠性的节能环保解决方案。通过实时监测与异常报警，能够帮助基层环保部门、农业生产单位快速响应水质污染事件，缩短隐患处置时间，保障地下水资源安全；太阳能供电设计降低了对传统电网的依赖，减少运行成本，适配偏远农村、野外矿区等场景，为大范围开展地下水质监测工作提供支撑，对生态保护与民生健康保障具有显著价值。
关键词：STC89C52；TDS 水质检测；LCD1602 ；太阳能供电
Solar powered groundwater quality detection system
Abstract
With the increasingly prominent problem of groundwater pollution and the continuous increase in attention to drinking water safety, real-time monitoring and risk warning of groundwater quality have become the core requirements for ecological environment protection, agricultural production guarantee, and residents’ health maintenance. If the hidden dangers of groundwater pollution are not discovered in a timely manner, it will not only lead to the contamination of drinking water sources and cause health problems such as digestive diseases, but also affect the irrigation water quality of farmland, reduce the quality of agricultural products, and seriously restrict the sustainable development of society and economy. Therefore, developing a groundwater quality detection device that is easy to operate, adaptable to outdoor environments, and has abnormal alarm functions has important practical significance.
This design proposes a solar powered groundwater quality detection system based on STC89C52 microcontroller. The main functions of the system include: real-time collection of groundwater concentration data through TDS water quality detection module, accurate capture of water quality changes; Users can independently set the maximum concentration threshold of water quality through buttons, meeting monitoring standards for different scenarios such as drinking water and irrigation water; With the help of the LCD1602 display screen, the current water quality concentration value and preset threshold are clearly presented for intuitive reading; When the water quality concentration exceeds the preset maximum value, the system automatically triggers an audible and visual alarm to promptly remind relevant personnel to take intervention measures; At the same time, the system is equipped with solar panels and lithium batteries, which convert light energy into electrical energy to charge the lithium battery. The lithium battery then provides stable power to the entire system, effectively solving the problem of no external power supply in the field and ensuring the continuous operation of the equipment 24/7.
The function of this solar powered groundwater quality monitoring system is to provide a low-cost, high reliability energy-saving and environmental protection solution for groundwater quality monitoring. Through real-time monitoring and abnormal alarms, it can help grassroots environmental protection departments and agricultural production units quickly respond to water pollution incidents, shorten the time for hidden danger disposal, and ensure the safety of groundwater resources; The design of solar power supply reduces dependence on traditional power grids, reduces operating costs, adapts to remote rural areas, wild mining areas and other scenarios, provides support for large-scale groundwater quality monitoring work, and has significant value for ecological protection and people’s health guarantee.
Keywords：STC89C52; TDS water quality testing; LCD1602 ； solar-powered
目 录
1 绪论
1.1 研究背景及意义
1.2 国内外研究现状
1.3 主要内容
2 系统总体方案设计
2.1系统总体设计
2.2 主要模块方案选择
3 系统硬件设计
3.1 总体硬件框架
3.2 主控模块电路设计
3.3 TDS 水质检测模块电路设计
3.4 显示模块电路设计
3.5 按键模块电路设计
3.6 声光报警模块电路设计
3.7 太阳能供电模块电路设计
4 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 独立按键
4.4 水质检测模块子流程设计
4.5 LCD1602液晶显示子流程
5 仿真绘制与功能测试
5.1 仿真电路绘制
5.2 水质检测及显示功能测试
5.3 水质阈值设置与声光报警功能测试
5.4 太阳能供电模拟功能测试
6 实物制作与功能测试
6.1 实物制作
6.2 水质检测及显示功能测试
6.3 水质阈值设置与声光报警功能测试
6.4 太阳能供电功能测试
6 总结
参考文献
致谢
附录A 原理图
附录B PCB
附录C 主程序
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