设计说明书
总字数：17000+
摘要
随着工业化与城市化进程加快，雾霾天气频发，空气中 PM2.5 浓度超标时，能见度显著下降，易导致车辆追尾、剐蹭等交通事故，严重威胁行车安全。对于驾驶员而言，传统依赖肉眼判断雾霾浓度与周边车辆距离的方式，存在反应滞后、判断误差大的问题；现有车载安全设备多聚焦于碰撞预警、车道偏离提醒，缺乏针对雾霾天气的专项监测与预警功能，难以满足特殊天气下的安全行车需求。因此，研发一种能实时监测雾霾浓度、识别周边车辆并主动预警的行车安全指示器，对提升雾霾天气行车安全性具有迫切的现实意义。
本设计提出一种基于 STM32F103C8T6 单片机的雾霾天气行车安全指示器。系统核心功能包括：通过 GP2Y1014AU 传感器实时检测当前环境 PM2.5 浓度；借助分离式红外开关模块识别车辆周边是否有其他车辆；当检测到有车且 PM2.5 浓度超过预设最大值时，系统触发声光报警提醒驾驶员；支持通过按键在本地设置 PM2.5 浓度最大值；通过 OLED 显示屏实时显示 PM2.5 测量数据与预设阈值；同时，通过 ESP8266-12F WiFi 模块将检测数据传输至手机端，用户也可在手机端远程设置 PM2.5 浓度最大值，实现本地与远程双重交互。
该雾霾天气行车安全指示器的作用在于，为驾驶员提供了一套精准、主动的雾霾天气行车安全保障方案。实时 PM2.5 监测与车辆识别结合，解决了传统肉眼判断的局限性；声光报警功能能及时提醒潜在碰撞风险，为驾驶员预留充足反应时间；本地按键与手机端双重阈值设置，适配不同驾驶员的使用习惯与路况需求；OLED 显示与 WiFi 数据传输，确保信息获取便捷、全面。整体系统填补了雾霾天气专项行车安全设备的空白，有效降低特殊天气下交通事故发生率，为行车安全增添重要保障。
关键词：STM32F103C8T6；行车安全；PM2.5； WiFi；红外车辆识别
Design of a Driving Safety Indicator for Haze Weather
Abstract
With the acceleration of industrialization and urbanization, frequent haze weather occurs, and when the PM2.5 concentration in the air exceeds the standard, visibility significantly decreases, which can easily lead to traffic accidents such as rear end collisions and scratches, seriously threatening driving safety. For drivers, the traditional method of relying on the naked eye to determine the distance between haze concentration and surrounding vehicles has problems such as delayed response and large judgment errors; Existing vehicle safety devices mostly focus on collision warning and lane departure reminders, lacking specialized monitoring and warning functions for haze weather, making it difficult to meet the safety driving needs in special weather conditions. Therefore, developing a driving safety indicator that can monitor the concentration of haze in real time, identify surrounding vehicles, and actively warn, has urgent practical significance for improving driving safety during haze weather.
This design proposes a haze weather driving safety indicator based on STM32F103C8T6 microcontroller. The core functions of the system include: real-time detection of PM2.5 concentration in the current environment through GP2Y1014AU sensor; Using a separate infrared switch module to identify whether there are other vehicles around the vehicle; When a car is detected and the PM2.5 concentration exceeds the preset maximum value, the system triggers an audible and visual alarm to remind the driver; Support setting the maximum PM2.5 concentration locally through buttons; Real time display of PM2.5 measurement data and preset threshold through OLED display screen; At the same time, the detection data is transmitted to the mobile phone through the ESP8266-12F WiFi module, and users can also remotely set the maximum PM2.5 concentration value on the mobile phone, achieving dual interaction between local and remote.
The function of this haze weather driving safety indicator is to provide drivers with a precise and proactive driving safety protection plan for haze weather. The combination of real-time PM2.5 monitoring and vehicle recognition solves the limitations of traditional visual judgment; The sound and light alarm function can timely remind potential collision risks and reserve sufficient reaction time for drivers; Dual threshold settings for local buttons and mobile devices, adapted to the usage habits and road conditions of different drivers; OLED display and WiFi data transmission ensure convenient and comprehensive information acquisition. The overall system fills the gap in specialized driving safety equipment for haze weather, effectively reducing the incidence of traffic accidents in special weather conditions and adding important guarantees for driving safety.
Keywords：STM32F103C8T6; Driving safety; PM2.5； WiFi； Infrared vehicle recognition
目 录
1 绪论
1.1 研究背景及意义
1.2 国内外研究现状
1.3 主要内容
2 系统总体方案设计
2.1系统总体设计
2.2 主要模块方案选择
3 系统硬件设计
3.1 总体硬件框架
3.2 主控模块电路设计
3.3 PM2.5 检测模块电路设计
3.4 车辆识别模块电路设计
3.5 显示模块电路设计
3.6 按键模块电路设计
3.7 声光报警模块电路设计
3.8 WiFi 通信模块电路设计
4 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 PM2.5检测模块子流程设计
4.4 分离式红外开关模块子流程设计
4.5 独立按键
4.6 OLED显示流程设计
4.7 WiFi模块子流程设计
5 实物制作与功能测试
5.1 实物制作
5.2 PM2.5 浓度监测与 OLED 显示功能测试
5.3 车辆识别与声光报警功能测试
5.4 阈值设置功能测试
5.5 WiFi 数据传输功能测试
6 总结
参考文献
致谢
附录A 原理图
附录B PCB
附录C 主程序
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