设计说明书
总字数：16000+
摘要
在高速公路运营中，气象环境与车辆行驶速度是影响通行安全的核心因素。温湿度异常易导致路面打滑、能见度下降等隐患，车辆超速更是引发交通事故的主要诱因，而传统监测手段存在数据反馈慢、功能单一等不足，无法满足实时化、精准化的管控需求，因此研发一套集成气象与车速监测的智能化系统具有重要现实意义。
本设计提出一种基于 STC89C52 单片机的高速公路气象环境与车速实时监测系统，采用 “从机采集 – 主机处理” 的协同架构。从机模块通过 DHT11 传感器实时采集监测区域温湿度数据，利用两对分离式红外对射管实现车辆速度的非接触式精准检测，再通过 ECBO2 蓝牙模块将温湿度、车速数据远程传输至主机端，保障数据传输的及时性与稳定性。
主机模块通过 ECBO2 蓝牙接收从机数据，依托 STC89C52 单片机完成数据处理与逻辑判断，通过 LCD12864 屏幕清晰显示实时温度值、湿度值与车速值；支持按键操作，可灵活设定温度最大值、湿度最大值，以及温湿度正常与异常情况下的速度最大值。当温度和湿度均小于设定最大值且车速超正常速度上限，或温度 / 湿度任一超设定最大值且车速超异常速度上限时，屏幕立即显示 “您已超速，请减速” 的预警信息。
该系统实现了气象环境与车速的同步实时监测，具备灵活参数配置与精准超速预警功能，为高速公路管控提供可靠数据支撑，有效提升道路通行安全性，降低事故发生风险。
关键词：STC89C52 单片机；高速公路监测；温湿度检测；车速检测；蓝牙传输
Design of Real time Monitoring System for Meteorological Environment and Vehicle Speed on Highways
Abstract
In the operation of highways, meteorological environment and vehicle speed are the core factors affecting traffic safety. Abnormal temperature and humidity can easily lead to hidden dangers such as road slippage and reduced visibility, and vehicle speeding is the main cause of traffic accidents. However, traditional monitoring methods have shortcomings such as slow data feedback and single functions, which cannot meet the needs of real-time and precise control. Therefore, developing an intelligent system that integrates meteorological and speed monitoring is of great practical significance.
This design proposes a real-time monitoring system for highway meteorological environment and vehicle speed based on STC89C52 microcontroller, using a collaborative architecture of “slave acquisition host processing”. The slave module collects real-time temperature and humidity data in the monitoring area through DHT11 sensors, and uses two pairs of separated infrared tubes to achieve non-contact and accurate detection of vehicle speed. Then, the ECBO2 Bluetooth module is used to remotely transmit temperature, humidity, and vehicle speed data to the host end, ensuring the timeliness and stability of data transmission.
The host module receives data from the slave through ECBO2 Bluetooth, and relies on the STC89C52 microcontroller to complete data processing and logical judgment. The real-time temperature, humidity, and vehicle speed values are displayed clearly on the LCD12864 screen; Support button operation, flexible setting of maximum temperature, maximum humidity, and maximum speed under normal and abnormal temperature and humidity conditions. When both temperature and humidity are below the set maximum values and the vehicle speed exceeds the normal speed limit, or when either temperature/humidity exceeds the set maximum value and the vehicle speed exceeds the abnormal speed limit, the screen immediately displays a warning message of “You have exceeded the speed limit, please slow down”.
The system realizes synchronous real-time monitoring of meteorological environment and vehicle speed, with flexible parameter configuration and precise overspeed warning function, providing reliable data support for highway control, effectively improving road traffic safety, and reducing the risk of accidents.
Keywords：STC89C52 microcontroller; Highway monitoring; Temperature and humidity detection; Vehicle speed detection; Bluetooth transmission
目 录
1 绪论
1.1 研究背景及意义
1.2 国内外研究现状
1.3 主要内容
2 系统总体方案设计
2.1系统总体设计
2.2 主要模块方案选择
3 系统硬件设计
3.1 总体硬件框架
3.2 主控模块电路设计
3.3 从机温湿度检测模块电路设计
3.4 从机车速检测模块电路设计
3.5 蓝牙通信模块电路设计
3.6 主机显示模块电路设计
3.7 主机按键模块电路设计
4 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主机主流程设计
4.3 系统从机主流程设计
4.4 独立按键
4.5 温湿度检测模块子流程
4.6 LCD12864显示模块子流程设计
4.7 蓝牙模块子流程
5 实物制作与功能测试
5.1 实物制作
5.2 从机数据采集与传输功能测试
5.3 主机数据接收与显示功能测试
5.4 阈值设定功能测试
5.5 超速预警功能测试
6 总结
参考文献
致谢
附录A 原理图
附录B PCB
附录C 主程序
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