设计说明书
总字数：19000+
摘要
随着电动车成为城市短途出行的主流工具，其使用安全性与状态监测需求日益凸显。当前电动车面临盗窃风险高、电量状态难实时掌握、操作便捷性不足等问题：车辆停放时易因震动触发盗窃行为却缺乏及时预警，行驶中无法直观了解电量情况，传统开关锁与调速操作也存在交互繁琐的问题，这些不仅影响用户使用体验，更对车辆财产安全构成威胁。因此，研发一款集防盗预警、电量监测、便捷操控于一体的电动车监控系统，具有重要的实用价值。
本设计提出一种基于 STC89C52 单片机的电动车防盗监控系统，整合多模块功能实现全方位监控与操控。系统核心功能包括：通过 SW-420 震动传感器实时检测车辆震动状态，结合车辆运行与否的判定逻辑智能触发预警 —— 车辆运行时检测到震动则取消声光报警，避免误报；车辆静止时检测到震动则启动声光报警，及时警示盗窃风险；通过电压检测模块采集车辆电池电压，换算为直观电量信息；借助 LCD1602 液晶显示屏，清晰展示车辆震动状态（震动 / 无震动）与当前电量，方便用户实时掌握车辆情况；同时，通过按键实现多维度操控，包括控制 MX1508 驱动的直流电机完成加减速操作，以及执行车辆开关锁功能，模拟真实电动车的核心操控场景。
该电动车防盗监控系统的应用，为用户提供了兼顾安全防护与便捷使用的综合解决方案。通过智能震动预警，有效降低车辆被盗风险；实时电量显示帮助用户合理规划出行；便捷的按键操控提升了驾驶与锁车效率，整体提升了电动车使用的安全性、便利性与用户体验，满足现代短途出行对车辆智能化监控的需求。
关键词：STC89C52 单片机；电动车防盗；震动检测；电量监测；LCD 显示
Design of anti-theft monitoring system for electric vehicles
Abstract
As electric vehicles become the mainstream tool for short distance urban travel, their safety and condition monitoring needs are becoming increasingly prominent. Currently, electric vehicles face high theft risks, difficulty in real-time monitoring of battery status, and insufficient operational convenience. When parked, theft behavior is easily triggered due to vibration, but there is a lack of timely warning. During driving, it is difficult to intuitively understand the battery situation. Traditional switch lock and speed control operations also have complex interactions, which not only affect user experience but also pose a threat to vehicle property safety. Therefore, developing an electric vehicle monitoring system that integrates anti-theft warning, power monitoring, and convenient operation has important practical value.
This design proposes an electric vehicle anti-theft monitoring system based on STC89C52 microcontroller, integrating multiple module functions to achieve comprehensive monitoring and control. The core functions of the system include: real-time detection of vehicle vibration status through SW-420 vibration sensor, intelligent triggering of warning based on the judgment logic of vehicle operation – canceling the sound and light alarm when vibration is detected during vehicle operation to avoid false alarms; When vibration is detected when the vehicle is stationary, sound and light alarms will be activated to promptly alert of theft risks; Collect vehicle battery voltage through voltage detection module and convert it into intuitive power information; With the help of the LCD1602 LCD display screen, the vehicle’s vibration status (vibration/no vibration) and current battery level are clearly displayed, making it convenient for users to grasp the vehicle’s situation in real time; At the same time, multi-dimensional control can be achieved through buttons, including controlling the DC motor driven by MX1508 to complete acceleration and deceleration operations, as well as executing vehicle switch lock functions, simulating the core control scenarios of real electric vehicles.
The application of this electric vehicle anti-theft monitoring system provides users with a comprehensive solution that balances safety protection and convenient use. Effectively reducing the risk of vehicle theft through intelligent vibration warning; Real time battery display helps users plan their travel reasonably; Convenient button control improves driving and locking efficiency, overall enhancing the safety, convenience, and user experience of electric vehicle use, meeting the demand for intelligent vehicle monitoring in modern short distance travel.
Keywords：STC89C52 microcontroller; Electric vehicle anti-theft; Vibration detection; Electricity monitoring; LCD display
目 录
1 绪论
1.1 研究背景及意义
1.2 国内外研究现状
1.3 主要内容
2 系统总体方案设计
2.1系统总体设计
2.2 主要模块方案选择
3 系统硬件设计
3.1 总体硬件框架
3.2 主控模块电路设计
3.3 震动检测模块电路设计
3.4 电量检测模块电路设计
3.5 显示模块电路设计
3.6 按键模块电路设计
3.7 声光报警模块电路设计
3.8 电机驱动模块电路设计
4 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 独立按键
4.4 A/D模数转换子流程
4.5 LCD1602液晶显示子流程
4.6 直流电机-MX1508驱动模块子流程
5 仿真绘制与功能测试（Proteus 8.17）
5.1 仿真电路绘制
5.2 震动检测与报警功能仿真测试
5.3 电量检测与显示功能仿真测试
5.4 按键操控与电机驱动功能仿真测试
6 实物制作与功能测试
6.1 实物制作
6.2 震动检测与报警功能测试
6.3 电量检测与显示功能测试
6.4 按键操控与电机驱动功能测试
6 总结
参考文献
致谢
附录A 原理图
附录B PCB
附录C 主程序
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