设计说明书
总字数：16000+
摘要
在公共卫生意识日益提升与疫情防控常态化的背景下，非接触式卫生设备成为减少交叉感染、保障健康的重要工具。传统手动按压式洗手液在使用过程中，易因手部接触引发细菌或病毒传播，且难以实时监测洗手液余量与设备电量，导致出现 “无液可用” 或 “设备断电” 的尴尬情况，影响使用体验与卫生防护效果。因此，研发一款具备自动感应出液、余量监测、电量提醒功能的非接触洗手液设备，对提升公共卫生防护水平与使用便捷性具有重要意义。
本设计提出一种基于 STC89C52 单片机的非接触洗手液设备。系统核心功能包括：通过红外避障管实时检测是否有人靠近，当检测到人体信号时，自动控制继电器驱动出液装置挤出洗手液，实现无接触操作；借助 YW-01 液位检测模块监测洗手液余量，当检测到液体耗尽时，触发声光报警模块发出提醒，提示及时补充洗手液；通过分压电阻与 ADC832 组成的电压检测模块，实时测量设备内置锂电池的电量，当电量低于设定阈值时，声光报警模块启动，告知用户及时充电；同时，通过 LCD1602 显示屏清晰展示当前洗手液液位状态（如 “满液”“低液”“无液”）与设备电量（如 “高电量”“低电量”），方便用户直观掌握设备状态。
该非接触洗手液设备的实用价值在于，一方面通过非接触式出液设计，从源头减少交叉感染风险，契合公共卫生防护需求；另一方面，通过液位与电量的实时监测及报警功能，避免因无液或断电导致设备无法使用的问题，提升设备使用稳定性与用户体验。设备整体结构简单、成本可控，适用于家庭、学校、医院、商场等各类公共与私人场景，为卫生防护与便捷生活提供可靠支持。
关键词：STC89C52 单片机；非接触洗手液；红外感应；液位检测；电量监测
Abstract
Against the backdrop of increasing public health awareness and normalization of epidemic prevention and control, non-contact sanitary equipment has become an important tool for reducing cross infection and ensuring health. Traditional manually pressed hand sanitizers are prone to bacterial or viral transmission due to hand contact during use, and it is difficult to monitor the remaining amount of hand sanitizer and device battery in real time, resulting in embarrassing situations such as “no liquid available” or “device power off”, which affects the user experience and hygiene protection effect. Therefore, developing a non-contact hand sanitizer device with automatic liquid sensing, remaining level monitoring, and battery reminder functions is of great significance for improving the level of public health protection and convenience of use.
This design proposes a non-contact hand sanitizer device based on STC89C52 microcontroller. The core functions of the system include: real-time detection of whether someone is approaching through an infrared obstacle avoidance tube. When a human signal is detected, the relay is automatically controlled to drive the dispensing device to squeeze out hand sanitizer, achieving contactless operation; By using the YW-01 liquid level detection module to monitor the remaining amount of hand sanitizer, when the liquid is detected to be depleted, the sound and light alarm module is triggered to issue a reminder, prompting timely replenishment of hand sanitizer; The voltage detection module composed of a voltage divider resistor and ADC832 measures the battery level of the built-in lithium battery in real-time. When the battery level is below the set threshold, the sound and light alarm module is activated to inform the user to charge in a timely manner; At the same time, the current hand sanitizer level status (such as “full”, “low”, “no liquid”) and device battery level (such as “high battery” and “low battery”) are clearly displayed on the LCD1602 display screen, making it convenient for users to intuitively grasp the device status.
The practical value of this non-contact hand sanitizer device lies in its non-contact liquid outlet design, which reduces the risk of cross infection from the source and meets the needs of public health protection; On the other hand, through real-time monitoring and alarm functions of liquid level and electricity, the problem of equipment being unusable due to lack of liquid or power outage can be avoided, and the stability and user experience of equipment use can be improved. The overall structure of the equipment is simple and the cost is controllable, suitable for various public and private scenarios such as homes, schools, hospitals, shopping malls, etc., providing reliable support for health protection and convenient life.
Keywords：STC89C52 microcontroller; Non contact hand sanitizer; Infrared sensing; Liquid level detection; Electricity monitoring
目 录
1 绪论
1.1 研究背景及意义
1.2 国内外研究现状
1.3 主要内容
2 系统总体方案设计
2.1系统总体设计
2.2 主要模块方案选择
3 系统硬件设计
3.1 总体硬件框架
3.2 主控模块电路设计
3.3 红外避障检测模块电路设计
3.4 液位检测模块电路设计
3.5 电压检测模块电路设计
3.6 显示模块电路设计
3.7 按键模块电路设计
3.8 声光报警模块电路设计
3.9 继电器模块电路设计
4 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 独立按键
4.4 LCD1602液晶显示子流程
4.5 红外避障模块子流程设计
4.6 液体检测模块子流程设计
5 实物制作与功能测试
5.1 实物制作
5.2 红外检测与自动挤出功能测试
5.3 液位检测与声光报警功能测试
5.4 电压检测与电量报警功能测试
5.5 LCD1602 显示与按键设置功能测试
6 总结
参考文献
致谢
附录A 原理图
附录B PCB
附录C 主程序
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