设计说明书
总字数：20000+
摘要
高校实验室是科研与教学的核心场所，其内部甲醛、PM2.5、CO₂浓度及温湿度等环境参数的稳定，直接关系到实验人员的身体健康、实验设备的正常运行及实验数据的准确性。若有害气体浓度超标或温湿度失衡，不仅可能引发人员健康风险，还可能影响实验进程与结果，因此研发一款能实时、精准监测并智能调控实验室环境的设备具有重要意义。
本设计提出一种基于 STM32F103C8T6 单片机的高校实验室环境监测控制器。系统核心功能如下：通过 MS1100 气体传感器、GP2Y1014AU 传感器、DHT11 温湿度传感器及 SGP30 二氧化碳传感器，分别采集实验室内甲醛浓度、PM2.5 浓度、温湿度及 CO₂浓度；OLED 显示屏实时展示各项监测数据，便于实验人员直观掌握环境状态；当甲醛、PM2.5 或 CO₂浓度超出设定阈值时，声光报警模块触发警示，同时控制模块驱动通风设备启动，实现空气净化；借助 ESP8266-12F WiFi 模块，可与手机远程通信，用户能通过手机查看实时数据、远程设置各参数阈值并控制相关设备，此外还可通过按键现场调整各参数阈值。
该控制器为高校实验室环境管理提供了智能化解决方案，通过实时监测、自动调控与远程交互，有效保障实验室环境安全，降低人工管理成本，为实验教学与科研工作营造稳定、安全的环境。
关键词：STM32F103C8T6；高校实验室；环境监测；智能调控；WiFi 通信
Design of a Monitoring Controller for University Laboratory Environment Based on STM32
Abstract
University laboratories are the core places for scientific research and teaching. The stability of environmental parameters such as formaldehyde, PM2.5, CO ₂ concentration, temperature and humidity inside them directly affects the physical health of experimental personnel, the normal operation of experimental equipment, and the accuracy of experimental data. If the concentration of harmful gases exceeds the standard or the temperature and humidity are imbalanced, it may not only pose health risks to personnel, but also affect the experimental process and results. Therefore, it is of great significance to develop a device that can monitor and intelligently regulate the laboratory environment in real-time and accurately.
This design proposes a university laboratory environment monitoring controller based on STM32F103C8T6 microcontroller. The core functions of the system are as follows: collect formaldehyde concentration, PM2.5 concentration, temperature and humidity, and CO ₂ concentration in the laboratory through MS1100 gas sensor, GP2Y1014AU sensor, DHT11 temperature and humidity sensor, and SGP30 carbon dioxide sensor, respectively; The OLED display screen displays real-time monitoring data, making it easy for experimenters to intuitively grasp the environmental status; When the concentration of formaldehyde, PM2.5 or CO ₂ exceeds the set threshold, the sound and light alarm module triggers a warning, and the control module drives the ventilation equipment to start, achieving air purification; With the ESP8266-12F WiFi module, remote communication with mobile phones is possible. Users can view real-time data, remotely set parameter thresholds, and control related devices through their mobile phones. In addition, they can also adjust parameter thresholds on-site by pressing buttons.
This controller provides an intelligent solution for the management of laboratory environments in universities. Through real-time monitoring, automatic regulation, and remote interaction, it effectively ensures the safety of laboratory environments, reduces manual management costs, and creates a stable and safe environment for experimental teaching and scientific research work.
Keywords：STM32F103C8T6; University laboratory; Environmental monitoring; Intelligent regulation; WiFi communication
目 录
1 绪论
1.1 研究背景及意义
1.2 国内外研究现状
1.3 主要内容
2 系统总体方案设计
2.1系统总体设计
2.2 主要模块方案选择
3 系统硬件设计
3.1 总体硬件框架
3.2 主控模块电路设计
3.3 多参数传感器模块电路设计
3.4 显示模块电路设计
3.5 按键模块电路设计
3.6 声光报警模块电路设计
3.7 通风控制模块电路设计
3.8 通信模块电路设计
4 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 独立按键
4.4 甲醛检测模块子流程设计
4.5 SGP30模块子流程设计
4.6 温湿度检测模块子流程设计
4.7 PM2.5检测模块子流程设计
4.8 OLED显示流程设计
4.9 WiFi模块子流程设计
5 实物制作与功能测试
5.1 实物制作
5.2 多参数监测与显示功能测试
5.3 阈值设置功能测试
5.4 声光报警功能测试
5.5 通风控制功能测试
5.6 远程通信功能测试
6 总结
参考文献
致谢
附录A 原理图
附录B PCB
附录C 主程序
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