设计说明书
总字数：15000+
摘要
随着交通物流行业的快速发展与场地运维规范化需求的提升，车辆载荷管控成为保障道路安全、减少基础设施损耗的关键环节。无论是公路运输中的超载引发事故，还是厂区、园区等封闭场景中超载车辆损坏地面与设备，若不能及时检测与干预，都将造成严重的安全隐患与经济损失，因此研发一种便捷、精准的车辆载荷检测设备具有重要现实意义。
本设计提出一种基于 STC89C52 单片机的车辆载荷检测设备。系统核心功能包括：通过 HX711 称重模块实时检测车辆重量；支持通过按键为小汽车、客车、货车三类车型分别设置专属载荷阈值；借助 LCD1602 显示屏清晰显示当前检测的车辆重量与选定车型；当检测到车辆重量超过对应车型的设定载荷值时，系统自动触发声光报警，及时提醒管理人员采取管控措施。
该车辆载荷检测设备的作用在于，为公路入口、厂区、物流园区等场景提供了低成本、易操作的载荷管控工具。通过实时重量检测、车型适配阈值设置与超载即时报警，能够有效规避超载风险，减少对道路与场地设施的损害，保障运输与运维安全，提升管理效率。
关键词：STC89C52；车辆载荷检测；HX711；LCD1602；声光报警
Abstract
With the rapid development of the transportation and logistics industry and the increasing demand for standardized site operation and maintenance, vehicle load control has become a key link in ensuring road safety and reducing infrastructure damage. Whether it is accidents caused by overloading in road transportation or damage to ground and equipment by overloaded vehicles in enclosed environments such as factories and parks, if not detected and intervened in a timely manner, it will cause serious safety hazards and economic losses. Therefore, developing a convenient and accurate vehicle load detection device has important practical significance.
This design proposes a vehicle load detection device based on STC89C52 microcontroller. The core functions of the system include: real-time detection of vehicle weight through the HX711 weighing module; Support setting exclusive load thresholds for three types of vehicles: cars, buses, and trucks through buttons; Using the LCD1602 display screen to clearly show the weight of the currently detected vehicle and the selected vehicle model; When the vehicle weight exceeds the set load value of the corresponding vehicle model, the system automatically triggers an audible and visual alarm to remind management personnel to take control measures in a timely manner.
The function of this vehicle load detection equipment is to provide a low-cost and easy-to-use load control tool for scenarios such as highway entrances, factory areas, and logistics parks. By real-time weight detection, vehicle adaptation threshold setting, and real-time overload alarm, it is possible to effectively avoid overload risks, reduce damage to roads and site facilities, ensure transportation and operation safety, and improve management efficiency.
Keywords：STC89C52; Vehicle load detection; HX711； LCD1602； audible and visual alarm
目 录
1 绪论
1.1 研究背景及意义
1.2 国内外研究现状
1.3 主要内容
2 系统总体方案设计
2.1系统总体设计
2.2 主要模块方案选择
3 系统硬件设计
3.1 总体硬件框架
3.2 主控模块电路设计
3.3 称重模块电路设计
3.4 显示模块电路设计
3.5 按键模块电路设计
3.6 声光报警模块电路设计
4 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 独立按键
4.4 称重模块HX711模块子流程
5 实物制作与功能测试
5.1 实物制作
5.2 车辆重量检测功能测试
5.3 车型载荷阈值设置功能测试
5.4 数据显示功能测试
5.5 声光报警功能测试
6 总结
参考文献
致谢
附录A 原理图
附录B PCB
附录C 主程序
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