设计说明书
总字数：16000+
摘要
随着人们对居住环境健康关注度的提升，新房装修后的甲醛、甲苯等挥发性污染物及 PM2.5 颗粒污染，成为影响入住安全的重要隐患。这类污染物若浓度超标且未及时监测，可能引发呼吸道不适、过敏等健康问题，尤其对老人、儿童等敏感人群危害更大，因此研发一款能精准检测、及时预警的新房入住环境监测设备具有重要现实意义。
本设计提出一种基于 STM32F103C8T6 单片机的新房入住环境监测仪。系统核心功能包括：通过 MS1100 传感器检测环境中甲醛浓度，MQ-135 传感器检测甲苯浓度，GP2Y1014AU 传感器检测 PM2.5 浓度；支持通过按键自定义设置甲醛、甲苯、PM2.5 的安全浓度最大值；当任一污染物浓度超过设定最大值时，系统立即启动声光报警提醒；所有检测数据实时通过 OLED 显示屏清晰展示，便于用户直观掌握环境质量状况。
该新房入住环境监测仪的作用在于，为用户提供低成本、易操作的居家环境健康监测工具。通过实时精准检测污染物浓度、及时异常报警，帮助用户判断新房是否达到安全入住标准，避免污染物对身体健康造成损害，为打造安全、健康的居住环境提供可靠保障。
关键词：STM32F103C8T6；新房环境监测；甲醛检测；甲苯检测；PM2.5 检测；声光报警
New house occupancy environment monitoring instrument based on STM32 microcontroller
Abstract
With the increasing attention of people to the health of their living environment, volatile pollutants such as formaldehyde and toluene, as well as PM2.5 particle pollution after new house decoration, have become important hidden dangers affecting occupancy safety. If the concentration of such pollutants exceeds the standard and is not monitored in a timely manner, it may cause respiratory discomfort, allergies and other health problems, especially for sensitive groups such as the elderly and children. Therefore, the development of a new house living environment monitoring device that can accurately detect and warn in a timely manner is of great practical significance.
This design proposes a new house occupancy environment monitoring device based on STM32F103C8T6 microcontroller. The core functions of the system include: detecting formaldehyde concentration in the environment through MS1100 sensor, detecting toluene concentration through MQ-135 sensor, and detecting PM2.5 concentration through GP2Y1014AU sensor; Support customizing the maximum safe concentration of formaldehyde, toluene, and PM2.5 through buttons; When the concentration of any pollutant exceeds the set maximum value, the system immediately triggers an audible and visual alarm reminder; All detection data is displayed in real-time on an OLED screen, making it easy for users to intuitively grasp the environmental quality status.
The purpose of the new house’s living environment monitoring device is to provide users with a low-cost and easy-to-use home environment health monitoring tool. By real-time and accurate detection of pollutant concentrations and timely abnormal alarms, it helps users determine whether the new house meets the safe occupancy standards, avoiding harm to physical health caused by pollutants, and providing reliable guarantees for creating a safe and healthy living environment.
Keywords：STM32F103C8T6; New house environmental monitoring; Formaldehyde detection; Toluene detection; PM2.5 detection; audible and visual alarm
目 录
1 绪论
1.1 研究背景及意义
1.2 国内外研究现状
1.3 主要内容
2 系统总体方案设计
2.1系统总体设计
2.2 主要模块方案选择
3 系统硬件设计
3.1 总体硬件框架
3.2 主控模块电路设计
3.3 污染物检测模块电路设计
3.4 显示模块电路设计
3.5 按键模块电路设计
3.6 声光报警模块电路设计
4 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 独立按键
4.4 OLED显示流程设计
4.5 GP2Y10模块子流通
4.6 甲醛检测模块子流程设计
4.7 甲苯检测模块子流程设计
5 实物制作与功能测试
5.1 实物制作
5.2 污染物检测功能测试
5.3 阈值设置功能测试
5.4 显示功能测试
5.5 声光报警功能测试
6 总结
参考文献
致谢
附录A 原理图
附录B PCB
附录C 主程序
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