设计说明书
总字数：19000+
摘要
厨房是家庭日常活动的核心区域，但其内存在的可燃气体泄漏、烟雾异常积聚、明火意外出现等安全隐患，若未能及时发现并处置，极易引发爆炸、火灾等恶性事故，对居民的生命财产安全构成严重威胁。在家庭安全防护需求日益提升的背景下，研发一套具备实时监测、自动响应且支持远程管控的厨房安全隐患监控系统，已成为保障家庭安全的重要需求。
本设计提出一种基于 STM32F103C8T6 单片机的厨房安全隐患监控系统，以单片机作为核心控制单元，整合多类传感器与执行模块实现全方位安全防护。系统通过 MQ-5 可燃气体传感器检测气体浓度，当浓度超过设定最大值时，将自动通过 ULN2003A 驱动步进电机关闭电磁阀门，同时触发声光报警、启动继电器控制的通风设备，并向手机端推送 “可燃气体泄露，请速速查看” 的提示信息；通过 MQ-2 烟雾传感器监测烟雾浓度，浓度超阈值时，立即启动声光报警与通风功能，同步向手机端发送 “烟雾异常，请速速查看” 的预警；通过 YS-17 火焰传感器检测明火，探测到明火后，迅速触发声光报警并推送 “发生火灾，请速速查看” 的紧急通知，若此时电磁阀门处于开启状态，则强制关闭阀门。此外，用户可通过按键本地设置各监测阈值，控制阀门开关与风扇启停（异常情况将强制关阀）；OLED 显示屏实时显示各类监测数据；依托 ESP8266-12F WIFI 模块，手机端可远程获取数据、设置阈值及控制阀门与风扇。
该系统为厨房安全提供了便捷高效的防护方案，通过实时监测、自动应急响应与远程管控的结合，能及时处置安全隐患，降低事故风险，有效保障家庭安全，提升居民生活的安全感。
关键词：STM32F103C8T6；厨房安全监控；MQ-5 传感器；ESP8266-12F；远程控制
Kitchen safety hazard monitoring
Abstract
The kitchen is the core area of daily household activities, but there are safety hazards such as combustible gas leaks, abnormal smoke accumulation, and accidental open flames inside. If not detected and disposed of in a timely manner, it can easily lead to malignant accidents such as explosions and fires, posing a serious threat to the safety of residents’ lives and property. Against the backdrop of increasing demand for home safety protection, developing a kitchen safety hazard monitoring system with real-time monitoring, automatic response, and remote control support has become an important requirement for ensuring home safety.
This design proposes a kitchen safety hazard monitoring system based on STM32F103C8T6 microcontroller. The microcontroller serves as the core control unit and integrates multiple types of sensors and execution modules to achieve comprehensive safety protection. The system detects gas concentration through the MQ-5 combustible gas sensor. When the concentration exceeds the set maximum value, it will automatically drive the stepper motor through ULN2003A to close the electromagnetic valve, trigger the sound and light alarm, start the relay controlled ventilation equipment, and push the prompt message “Flammable gas leakage, please check quickly” to the mobile phone; Monitor smoke concentration through MQ-2 smoke sensor. When the concentration exceeds the threshold, immediately activate the sound and light alarm and ventilation function, and synchronously send a warning of “smoke abnormality, please check quickly” to the mobile phone; By using the YS-17 flame sensor to detect open flames, an audible and visual alarm is quickly triggered upon detection, and an emergency notification is sent saying “If a fire occurs, please check quickly”. If the solenoid valve is in the open state at this time, the valve will be forcibly closed. In addition, users can set various monitoring thresholds locally by pressing buttons, control valve switches and fan start/stop (abnormal situations will force valve closure); OLED display screen displays various monitoring data in real-time; Relying on the ESP8266-12F WIFI module, the mobile phone can remotely obtain data, set thresholds, and control valves and fans.
This system provides a convenient and efficient protection solution for kitchen safety. By combining real-time monitoring, automatic emergency response, and remote control, it can promptly address safety hazards, reduce accident risks, effectively ensure family safety, and enhance residents’ sense of security in their lives.
Keywords： STM32F103C8T6; Kitchen safety monitoring; MQ-5 sensor; ESP8266-12F； remote control.
目 录
1 绪论
1.1 研究背景及意义
1.2 国内外研究现状
1.3 主要内容
2 系统总体方案设计
2.1系统总体设计
2.2 主要模块方案选择
3 系统硬件设计
3.1 总体硬件框架
3.2 主控模块电路设计
3.3 隐患检测模块电路设计
3.4 执行控制模块电路设计
3.5 交互与通信模块电路设计
4 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 独立按键
4.4 OLED显示流程设计
4.5 步进电机子流程
4.6 WiFi模块子流程设计
5 实物制作与功能测试
5.1 实物制作
5.2 参数监测与显示功能测试
5.3 可燃气体异常处理功能测试
5.4 烟雾异常处理功能测试
5.5 火焰异常处理功能测试
5.6 本地与远程控制功能测试
6 总结
参考文献
致谢
附录A 原理图
附录B PCB
附录C 主程序
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