设计说明书
总字数：20000+
摘要
随着城市化进程加快与环境问题日益凸显，实时、精准的环境监测成为智慧城市建设的重要支撑。温度、湿度、风向、风速、雨量、PM2.5 浓度及噪声等环境参数，直接影响居民生活质量与城市生态管理，若无法及时掌握参数异常并干预，可能引发健康风险与环境治理滞后问题。因此，研发一套能全面、高效监测多维度环境参数的智能系统，对提升城市环境管理水平、保障居民健康具有重要意义。
本设计提出一种基于 STM32F103C8T6 单片机的智慧城市环境检测系统。系统主要功能包括：通过 DHT11 传感器检测环境温度与湿度；借助风向检测模块识别风向信息；通过三杯式旋转风杯风速检测模块测量风速；利用电压式雨量检测模块采集雨量数据；通过 GP2Y10 传感器监测 PM2.5 浓度；依托模拟量声音检测模块获取噪声数值；当任意一项测量数据超出设定阈值时，系统启动声光报警；支持通过按键本地设置各参数阈值；通过 OLED 显示屏实时显示所有测量数据；同时，系统通过 ESP8266-12F WiFi 模块将监测数据远程发送至手机端，手机端也可远程设置各参数阈值，实现多端协同管理。
该智慧城市环境检测系统的作用在于，为城市环境管理提供了全方位、智能化的监测工具。通过实时采集多维度环境数据、及时报警与远程管理，能够帮助管理人员快速掌握环境动态，精准开展环境治理工作，同时让居民实时了解周边环境状况，为出行与健康防护提供参考，助力构建更宜居、更高效的智慧城市。
关键词：STM32；智慧城市；环境检测；多参数监测；远程管理
Smart City Environmental Monitoring System
Abstract
With the acceleration of urbanization and the increasingly prominent environmental issues, real-time and accurate environmental monitoring has become an important support for the construction of smart cities. Environmental parameters such as temperature, humidity, wind direction, wind speed, rainfall, PM2.5 concentration, and noise directly affect residents’ quality of life and urban ecological management. If abnormal parameters cannot be timely grasped and intervened, it may lead to health risks and lagging environmental governance issues. Therefore, developing an intelligent system that can comprehensively and efficiently monitor multi-dimensional environmental parameters is of great significance for improving urban environmental management and ensuring residents’ health.
This design proposes a smart city environment detection system based on STM32F103C8T6 microcontroller. The main functions of the system include: detecting environmental temperature and humidity through DHT11 sensors; Identify wind direction information with the help of wind direction detection module; Measure wind speed through a three cup rotating wind cup wind speed detection module; Collect rainfall data using a voltage based rainfall detection module; Monitor PM2.5 concentration through GP2Y10 sensor; Obtain noise values by relying on analog sound detection modules; When any measurement data exceeds the set threshold, the system will activate an audible and visual alarm; Support setting various parameter thresholds locally through buttons; Real time display of all measurement data through OLED display screen; At the same time, the system remotely sends monitoring data to the mobile phone through the ESP8266-12F WiFi module, and the mobile phone can also remotely set various parameter thresholds to achieve multi terminal collaborative management.
The role of this smart city environmental monitoring system is to provide comprehensive and intelligent monitoring tools for urban environmental management. By collecting multi-dimensional environmental data in real-time, timely alerting and remote management, it can help management personnel quickly grasp environmental dynamics, accurately carry out environmental governance work, and enable residents to understand the surrounding environmental conditions in real time, providing reference for travel and health protection, and helping to build a more livable and efficient smart city.
Keywords：STM32; smart city; Environmental monitoring; Multi parameter monitoring; remote management
目 录
1 绪论
1.1 研究背景及意义
1.2 国内外研究现状
1.3 主要内容
2 系统总体方案设计
2.1系统总体设计
2.2 主要模块方案选择
3 系统硬件设计
3.1 总体硬件框架
3.2 主控模块电路设计
3.3 温湿度检测模块电路设计
3.4 风向检测模块电路设计
3.5 风速检测模块电路设计
3.6 雨量检测模块电路设计
3.7 PM2.5 检测模块电路设计
3.8 噪声检测模块电路设计
3.9 显示模块电路设计
3.10 按键模块电路设计
3.11 声光报警模块电路设计
3.12 WiFi 通信模块电路设计
4 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 独立按键
4.4 温湿度检测模块子流程
4.5 OLED显示流程设计
4.6 WiFi模块子流程设计
5 实物制作与功能测试
5.1 实物制作
5.2 温湿度检测与显示功能测试
5.3 风向与风速检测功能测试
5.4 PM2.5 与噪声检测功能测试
5.5 雨量检测与声光报警功能测试
5.6 按键阈值设置功能测试
5.7 WiFi 远程通信功能测试
6 总结
参考文献
致谢
附录A 原理图
附录B PCB
附录C 主程序
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