设计说明书
总字数：18000+
摘要
随着人口老龄化加剧，居家老人的健康管理与安全保障成为社会关注的重要议题。老人群体生理机能衰退，心率异常、体温波动、意外跌倒及服药不规律等问题，若不能及时发现与干预，可能引发严重健康风险，甚至危及生命。而传统居家照护多依赖人工陪伴，存在监测不实时、响应不及时等局限，因此研发一款能全面、便捷监测老人健康与安全状态的智能系统，对提升居家老人照护质量具有重要意义。
本设计提出一种基于 STM32F103C8T6 单片机的居家老人健康监测系统（实物）。系统主要功能包括：通过 PulseSensor 心率检测模块实时采集老人心率值；借助 MLX90614 红外测温模块非接触式检测老人体温；利用 MP6050 传感器监测老人是否发生跌倒，若检测到跌倒立即启动声光报警；通过单片机内部 RTC 模块获取实时时间，支持按键手动修正时间，同时可通过按键设置吃药时间，到达预设时间后触发声光报警提醒服药；通过 OLED 显示屏直观展示心率、体温、实时时间及吃药提醒信息；此外，系统通过 ESP8266-12F WiFi 模块将监测数据远程发送至手机端，手机端也可远程设定吃药时间，实现家属或照护人员的远程监管。
该居家老人健康监测系统的作用在于，为居家老人提供了一体化的健康与安全监测工具。通过实时监测生理参数、跌倒预警与服药提醒，能及时发现健康隐患与安全风险，同时远程数据传输功能让家属随时掌握老人状态，减少照护压力，有效保障老人居家安全，提升其生活质量与健康管理水平。
关键词：STM32；居家老人；健康监测；跌倒检测；远程监管
Design of Home Elderly Health Monitoring System Based on STM32
Abstract
With the intensification of population aging, the health management and safety protection of elderly people living at home have become important issues of social concern. The decline in physiological functions, abnormal heart rate, temperature fluctuations, accidental falls, and irregular medication among the elderly population, if not detected and intervened in a timely manner, may lead to serious health risks and even endanger their lives. However, traditional home care relies heavily on human companionship and has limitations such as lack of real-time monitoring and response. Therefore, developing an intelligent system that can comprehensively and conveniently monitor the health and safety status of the elderly is of great significance for improving the quality of home care for the elderly.
This design proposes a home elderly health monitoring system (physical) based on STM32F103C8T6 microcontroller. The main functions of the system include: real-time collection of elderly heart rate values through the PulseSensor heart rate detection module; Non contact detection of elderly body temperature using MLX90614 infrared temperature measurement module; Use MP6050 sensor to monitor whether the elderly have fallen, and immediately activate the sound and light alarm if a fall is detected; Real time time is obtained through the internal RTC module of the microcontroller, which supports manual time correction by pressing buttons. At the same time, medication time can be set by pressing buttons, and an audible and visual alarm will be triggered to remind medication when the preset time is reached; Intuitively display heart rate, body temperature, real-time time, and medication reminder information through OLED display screen; In addition, the system remotely sends monitoring data to the mobile phone through the ESP8266-12F WiFi module, and the mobile phone can also remotely set the medication time to achieve remote supervision of family members or caregivers.
The function of this home-based elderly health monitoring system is to provide an integrated health and safety monitoring tool for home-based elderly people. By real-time monitoring of physiological parameters, fall warnings, and medication reminders, health hazards and safety risks can be detected in a timely manner. At the same time, the remote data transmission function allows family members to keep track of the elderly’s status at any time, reducing caregiving pressure, effectively ensuring the safety of the elderly at home, and improving their quality of life and health management level.
Keywords：STM32; Elderly people living at home; Health monitoring; Fall detection; remote monitoring
目 录
1 绪论
1.1 研究背景及意义
1.2 国内外研究现状
1.3 主要内容
2 系统总体方案设计
2.1系统总体设计
2.2 主要模块方案选择
3 系统硬件设计
3.1 总体硬件框架
3.2 主控模块电路设计
3.3 心率检测模块电路设计
3.4 体温检测模块电路设计
3.5 跌倒检测模块电路设计
3.6 RTC 时间与按键模块电路设计
3.7 显示模块电路设计
3.8 声光报警模块电路设计
3.9 WiFi 通信模块电路设计
4 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 红外测温模块子流程设计
4.4 MPU6050模块子流程设计
4.5 心率模块子流程设计
4.6 独立按键
4.7 OLED显示流程设计
4.8 WiFi模块子流程设计
5 实物制作与功能测试
5.1 实物制作
5.2 心率与体温检测及显示功能测试
5.3 跌倒检测与声光报警功能测试
5.4 RTC 时间管理与服药提醒功能测试
5.5 WiFi 远程通信功能测试
6 总结
参考文献
致谢
附录A 原理图
附录B PCB
附录C 主程序
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