设计说明书
总字数：16000+
摘要
在知识竞赛、技能比拼等各类竞技活动中，抢答环节是提升活动趣味性与竞争性的核心环节，其公平性与高效性直接影响活动质量。传统抢答环节多依赖人工判断抢答顺序，易因反应延迟、主观误差导致争议；同时，人工记录选手分数、管理抢答流程效率低下，难以满足多选手、多轮次竞赛的需求。因此，研发一款能自动识别抢答顺序、精准记录分数、灵活控制流程的抢答器，对保障竞赛公平性、提升活动组织效率具有重要现实意义。
本设计提出一种基于 STC89C52 单片机的 8 路抢答器，以 51 系列单片机为核心控制器，构建 “流程控制 – 抢答判断 – 分数管理 – 状态显示” 的一体化系统。系统主要功能包括：支持通过专用按键灵活设置抢答倒计时时间（如 30 秒、60 秒），设置完成后按下启动键即可开启抢答倒计时；配备 8 路独立抢答按键，分别对应 8 位参赛选手，若选手在倒计时未结束前提前按下抢答键，系统立即判定为犯规，触发蜂鸣器发出警示信号，同时自动为该选手扣除 1 分；当倒计时归 0、抢答环节正式开启后，系统精准捕捉第一个按下抢答键的选手编号，通过 LCD1602 显示屏清晰展示 “抢答成功：X 号选手” 等信息，且可通过加分键与减分键，根据竞赛规则对选手分数进行 ±1 分的实时调整；此外，系统设置分数查询键，按下该键即可在 LCD1602 屏幕上按编号依次显示 8 位选手的当前总分数，方便裁判实时核对与观众了解竞赛进度。
该 8 路抢答器的应用价值在于，为各类竞技活动提供公平、高效的抢答管理工具。通过自动识别抢答顺序与犯规行为，彻底避免人工判断误差，保障竞赛公正性；实时分数记录与一键查询功能，大幅减少裁判工作量，提升活动组织效率；同时，操作逻辑简单、状态显示清晰，适配不同类型竞赛场景，为活动顺利开展提供可靠技术支撑，进一步增强竞技活动的专业性与观赏性。
关键词：STC89C52 单片机；8 路抢答器；LCD1602 显示；分数管理；抢答判断
8-channel buzzer based on 51 microcontroller
Abstract
In various competitive activities such as knowledge competitions and skill competitions, the buzzer is the core link to enhance the fun and competitiveness of the activity, and its fairness and efficiency directly affect the quality of the activity. The traditional answering process often relies on manual judgment of the order of answers, which can lead to disputes due to delayed responses and subjective errors; At the same time, manually recording player scores and managing the answering process are inefficient, making it difficult to meet the needs of multi player and multi round competitions. Therefore, developing a buzzer that can automatically identify the order of buzzer answers, accurately record scores, and flexibly control the process is of great practical significance for ensuring competition fairness and improving activity organization efficiency.
This design proposes an 8-channel buzzer based on STC89C52 microcontroller, with 51 series microcontroller as the core controller, to construct an integrated system of “process control – buzzer judgment – score management – status display”. The main functions of the system include: supporting flexible setting of the countdown time for answering questions through dedicated buttons (such as 30 seconds, 60 seconds), and pressing the start button after setting can start the countdown for answering questions; Equipped with 8 independent buzzer buttons, each corresponding to 8 contestants. If a contestant presses the buzzer button before the countdown ends, the system will immediately determine it as a foul, trigger the buzzer to issue a warning signal, and automatically deduct 1 point from the contestant; When the countdown returns to 0 and the buzzer session officially begins, the system accurately captures the number of the first contestant who presses the buzzer button, and displays information such as “buzzer successful: contestant X” clearly on the LCD1602 display screen. The score of the contestant can be adjusted in real-time by ± 1 point according to the competition rules through the plus and minus points buttons; In addition, the system sets up a score query button, which can be pressed to display the current total scores of 8 players in sequence by number on the LCD1602 screen, making it convenient for the referee to check and the audience to understand the competition progress in real time.
The application value of this 8-way buzzer lies in providing a fair and efficient buzzer management tool for various competitive activities. By automatically identifying the order of answering and committing fouls, we can completely avoid human judgment errors and ensure the fairness of the competition; Real time score recording and one click query function significantly reduce the workload of referees and improve the efficiency of event organization; At the same time, the operation logic is simple, the status display is clear, and it is suitable for different types of competition scenes, providing reliable technical support for the smooth development of the event and further enhancing the professionalism and viewing value of the competitive activity.
Keywords：STC89C52 microcontroller; 8-way buzzer; LCD1602 display; Score management; Quick answer judgment
目 录
1 绪论
1.1 研究背景及意义
1.2 国内外研究现状
1.3 主要内容
2 系统总体方案设计
2.1系统总体设计
2.2 主要模块方案选择
3 系统硬件设计
3.1 总体硬件框架
3.2 主控模块电路设计
3.3 按键模块电路设计
3.4 LCD1602 显示模块电路设计
3.5 蜂鸣器模块电路设计
4 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 独立按键
4.4 LCD1602液晶显示子流程
5 实物制作与功能测试
5.1 实物制作
5.2 倒计时设置与启停复位功能测试
5.3 抢答判断与犯规警示功能测试
5.4 抢答成功后分数调整功能测试
5.5 选手分数查询功能测试
6 总结
参考文献
致谢
附录A 原理图
附录B PCB
附录C 主程序
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