设计说明书
总字数：18000+
摘要
随着养殖业的发展和养殖技术的进步，鸡舍环境参数的精准监测与智能控制成为提高养殖效率和保障家禽健康的关键环节。适宜的温湿度、空气质量、光照条件以及科学的投喂管理，对家禽的生长发育和生产性能有着直接影响。因此，研发一种基于单片机的智能鸡舍环境控制系统设计具有重要的实用价值。
本设计提出了一种基于 STC89C52 单片机的智能鸡舍环境控制系统。系统主要功能包括：通过 DHT11 检测鸡舍内温湿度，温度或湿度过高时启动继电器进行通风；借助 MQ-135 配合 ADC0832 检测有害气体浓度，超过设定最大值时触发通风；通过 DS1302 实现时间同步，支持通过按键设定开灯时间区间；利用 5516 光敏电阻配合 ADC0832 检测光照值，当光照低于设置最小值且处于开灯时间区内时，通过继电器进行补光；配备三个按键，可用于修正时间、设置温湿度上限、光照最低值、气体最大值、开灯时间区，还能手动控制通风、开灯及切换模式；通过 LCD1602 显示屏实时显示各项测量数据；具备定时投喂功能，通过继电器控制投喂设备；通过 ecb02 蓝牙模块将测量数据发送至手机端，并支持手机端控制通风、开灯及切换模式。
该智能鸡舍环境控制系统的作用在于，为养殖业提供了一种自动化、精准化的环境管理工具。通过对鸡舍环境参数的实时监测与智能调控，能够为家禽创造适宜的生长环境，提高养殖效率，降低人工成本，促进养殖业的智能化发展。
关键词：单片机；智能鸡舍；环境控制；自动监测
Design of Intelligent Monitoring and Control Device for Chicken Coop Based on Single-Chip Microcomputer
Abstract
With the development of the livestock industry and advancements in breeding technology, precise monitoring and intelligent control of environmental parameters in chicken coops have become key factors in improving breeding efficiency and ensuring poultry health. Suitable temperature, humidity, air quality, lighting conditions, and scientific feeding management directly impact the growth, development, and production performance of poultry. Therefore, the development of an intelligent chicken coop environmental control system based on a single-chip microcomputer holds significant practical value.
This design proposes an intelligent chicken coop environmental control system based on the STC89C52 single-chip microcomputer. The system’s main functions include: detecting temperature and humidity inside the coop via the DHT11 sensor and activating ventilation through a relay when temperature or humidity exceeds thresholds; monitoring harmful gas concentrations using the MQ-135 sensor in conjunction with the ADC0832 and triggering ventilation when levels surpass preset maximums; synchronizing time via the DS1302 module, allowing users to set lighting intervals via buttons; measuring light intensity with a 5516 photoresistor paired with the ADC0832, and supplementing light via a relay when illumination falls below the minimum threshold during designated lighting periods; incorporating three buttons for adjusting time, setting upper limits for temperature and humidity, minimum light levels, maximum gas concentrations, and lighting intervals, as well as manual control of ventilation, lighting, and mode switching; displaying real-time measurement data on an LCD1602 screen; enabling timed feeding through relay-controlled feeding equipment; and transmitting measurement data to a mobile device via an ECB02 Bluetooth module, with support for remote control of ventilation, lighting, and mode switching.
The role of this intelligent chicken coop environmental control system is to provide the livestock industry with an automated and precise environmental management tool. Through real-time monitoring and intelligent regulation of coop environmental parameters, it creates an optimal growth environment for poultry, enhances breeding efficiency, reduces labor costs for Homo sapiens, and promotes the intelligent development of the livestock industry.
Keywords：Microcontroller; Intelligent Chicken Coop; Environmental Control; Automatic Monitoring
目 录
1 绪论
1.1 研究背景及意义
1.2 国内外研究现状
1.3 主要内容
2 系统总体方案设计
2.1 系统总体设计
2.2 主要模块方案选择
3 系统硬件设计
3.1 总体硬件框架
3.2 主控模块电路设计
3.3 温湿度检测模块电路设计
3.4 有害气体检测模块电路设计
3.5 光照检测模块电路设计
3.6 时钟模块电路设计
3.7 显示模块电路设计
3.8 按键模块电路设计
3.9 继电器控制模块电路设计
3.10 蓝牙通信模块电路设计
4 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 温湿度检测模块子流程设计
4.4 有害气体检测模块子流程设计
4.5 光照检测模块子流程设计
4.6 时钟模块子流程设计
4.7 LCD1602显示屏子流程设计
4.8 独立按键子流程设计
4.9 蓝牙模块子流程设计
5 实物制作与功能测试
5.1 实物制作
5.2 温湿度与有害气体检测及显示功能测试
5.3 光照检测与补光控制功能测试
5.4 通风控制功能测试
5.5 定时投喂功能测试
5.6 蓝牙通信与远程控制功能测试
5.7 按键参数设置功能测试
6 总结
参考文献
致谢
附录A 原理图
附录B PCB
附录C 主程序
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