设计说明书
总字数：13000+
摘要
随着居民生活中天然气、煤气等燃气的广泛使用，燃气泄漏引发的爆炸、中毒等安全事故风险日益突出。燃气泄漏若不能及时发现并处理，不仅会造成财产损失，更会严重威胁居民的生命安全。因此，研发一种能实时、精准监测燃气浓度并自动启动应急措施的智能系统具有重要现实意义。
本设计提出了一种天然气检测与通风智能系统，以单片机为核心控制器。系统主要功能包括：通过 MQ-5 传感器实时检测天然气或煤气浓度；用户可通过按键设定燃气浓度最大值阈值；OLED 显示屏实时显示当前燃气检测值及设定的阈值；当检测值超过阈值时，系统自动启动声光报警，并通过继电器控制风扇和净化器运行，同时借助 SIM900A 短信模块向用户发送预警短信，此外通过 ESP8266-12F WIFI 模块将监测数据传输至手机端。
该系统为居民燃气安全使用提供了全方位的智能保障，通过实时监测、自动应急处置及远程预警，能够有效防范燃气泄漏风险，降低安全事故发生率，为居民创造安全、舒适的生活环境。
关键词：单片机；天然气检测；智能通风；远程预警；MQ-5 传感器
Design of an Intelligent System for Natural Gas Detection and Ventilation
Abstract
With the widespread use of natural gas, coal gas, and other combustible gases in residential life, the risks of safety accidents such as explosions and poisoning caused by gas leaks have become increasingly prominent. If gas leaks are not detected and addressed promptly, they can not only lead to property losses but also pose serious threats to residents’ lives. Therefore, the development of an intelligent system capable of real-time and accurate gas concentration monitoring with automatic emergency response measures holds significant practical importance.
This design proposes an intelligent natural gas detection and ventilation system, with a microcontroller as the core controller. The system’s main functions include: real-time detection of natural gas or coal gas concentration via an MQ-5 sensor; user-configurable maximum gas concentration threshold through keypad input; real-time display of current gas detection values and the set threshold on an OLED screen; automatic activation of audible and visual alarms when detected values exceed the threshold, along with relay-controlled operation of fans and purifiers; transmission of warning messages to users via the SIM900A SMS module; and real-time monitoring data transmission to mobile devices through the ESP8266-12F WIFI module.
This system provides comprehensive intelligent protection for residential gas safety. Through real-time monitoring, automatic emergency response, and remote warning mechanisms, it effectively mitigates gas leak risks, reduces the incidence of safety accidents, and creates a safer and more comfortable living environment for residents.
Keywords：Microcontroller; Natural Gas Detection; Intelligent Ventilation; Remote Early Warning; MQ-5 Sensor
目 录
1 绪论
1.1 研究背景及意义
1.2 国内外研究现状
1.3 主要内容
2 系统总体方案设计
2.1 系统总体设计
2.2 主要模块方案选择
3 系统硬件设计
3.1 总体硬件框架
3.2 主控模块电路设计
3.3 燃气检测模块电路设计
3.4 人机交互模块电路设计
3.5 执行控制模块电路设计
3.6 通信传输模块电路设计
3.7 电源模块电路设计
4 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 可燃气检测模块子流程设计
4.4 OLED显示屏子流程设计
4.5 独立按键子流程设计
4.6 声光报警模块子流程设计
4.7 GSM发送短信子流程设计
4.8 WiFi模块子流程设计
5 实物制作与功能测试
5.1 实物制作
5.2 燃气检测与显示功能测试
5.3 阈值设定功能测试
5.4 声光报警与执行控制功能测试
5.5 远程通信功能测试
6 总结
参考文献
致谢
附录A 原理图
附录B PCB
附录C 主程序
购买后可查看具体内容！