设计说明书
总字数：16000+
摘要
随着城市化进程加速和智慧社区理念的普及，传统小区管理模式中存在的效率低、监管滞后、资源浪费等问题日益凸显。小区内路灯控制依赖人工、绿化灌溉缺乏智能调控、停车位管理混乱、安防与环境监测不完善等问题，不仅影响居民生活体验，也增加了物业运维成本。因此，研发一套集成化、智能化的小区管理系统，实现环境监测、设备自控与远程监管的一体化，具有重要的现实意义。
本设计提出一种基于 STM32F103C8T6 单片机的物联网智能小区管理系统。系统主要功能包括：通过光敏电阻与土壤湿度传感器实现路灯、灌溉的自动控制；通过红外避障模块监测停车位状态并显示空余车位；通过温湿度与天然气传感器采集环境数据，天然气超标时触发声光报警与通风；通过 RFID 与按键实现小区门禁控制；借助 OLED 显示实时数据，并通过 ESP8266-12F 将数据上传阿里云，支持手机端远程查看、控制及阈值修改。
该系统的应用可实现小区管理的自动化与智能化，降低人工运维成本，提升资源利用效率与居民居住安全性，为智慧社区建设提供高效可靠的技术支撑。
关键词：物联网；智能小区；STM32 单片机；远程监管；自动控制
Design of an Intelligent Community Management System Based on the Internet of Things
Abstract
With the acceleration of urbanization and the popularization of the smart community concept, problems such as low efficiency, lagging supervision, and resource waste in traditional community management models have become increasingly prominent. Issues including manual-dependent street lamp control, lack of intelligent regulation for green irrigation, chaotic parking space management, and inadequate security and environmental monitoring in communities not only affect residents’ living experience but also increase property operation and maintenance costs. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to develop an integrated and intelligent community management system to realize the integration of environmental monitoring, automatic equipment control, and remote supervision.
This design proposes an IoT-based smart community management system based on the STM32F103C8T6 single-chip microcomputer. The main functions of the system include: automatic control of street lamps and irrigation through photoresistors and soil moisture sensors; monitoring of parking space status and display of available parking spaces via infrared obstacle avoidance modules; collection of environmental data through temperature-humidity and natural gas sensors, triggering sound-light alarms and ventilation when natural gas exceeds the standard; community access control via RFID and buttons; real-time data display with OLED, and uploading data to Alibaba Cloud through ESP8266-12F, supporting remote viewing, control, and threshold modification on mobile phones.
The application of this system can realize the automation and intellectualization of community management, reduce manual operation and maintenance costs, improve resource utilization efficiency and residents’ living safety, and provide efficient and reliable technical support for smart community construction.
Keywords：Internet of Things (IoT); Smart Community; STM32 Single-Chip Microcomputer; Remote Supervision; Automatic Control
目 录
1 绪论
1.1 研究背景及意义
1.2 国内外研究现状
1.3 主要内容
2 系统总体方案设计
2.1 系统总体设计
2.2 主要模块方案选择
3 系统硬件设计
3.1 总体硬件框架
3.2 主控模块电路设计
3.3 环境监测模块电路设计
3.4 身份识别与交互模块电路设计
3.5 执行与报警模块电路设计
3.6 显示与通信模块电路设计
3.7 电源模块电路设计
4 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 光照检测模块子流程设计
4.4 土壤湿度检测模块子流程设计
4.5 温湿度检测模块子流程设计
4.6 天燃气检测模块子流程设计
4.7 红外避障模块子流程设计
4.8 RFID模块子流程设计
4.9 独立按键子流程设计
4.10 声光报警模块子流程设计
4.11 OLED显示屏子流程设计
4.12 WiFi模块子流程设计
5 实物制作与功能测试
5.1 实物制作
5.2 环境监测与显示功能测试
5.3 自动调控功能测试
5.4 身份识别与门禁控制功能测试
5.5 WiFi 通信与远程控制功能测试
6 总结
参考文献
致谢
附录A 原理图
附录B PCB
附录C 主程序
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