设计说明书
总字数：15000+
摘要
在矿井生产过程中，井下温湿度异常及可燃、有毒有害气体超标是引发安全事故的主要隐患，直接威胁矿工生命安全与矿井生产安全。若不能及时监测并处理这些环境异常问题，可能导致瓦斯爆炸、中毒窒息等严重事故，造成巨大的人员伤亡与财产损失。因此，研发一种能实时、准确监测矿井环境参数并具备自动预警与控制功能的系统至关重要。
本设计提出一种基于 STC89C52 单片机的矿井环境检测系统，分为下位机与上位机两部分。下位机通过 DHT11 温湿度检测模块、MQ-5 天然气检测模块、MQ-7 CO 检测模块及 MQ-135 有害混合气体检测模块，实时采集井下温湿度、可燃气体、一氧化碳及有害混合气体浓度数据，并通过 ZigBee 将数据传输至上位机；上位机通过 ZigBee 接收数据后，由 LCD1602 显示屏实时展示各项参数，用户可通过三个按键设置各参数阈值，当检测值超出阈值范围时，系统启动声光报警，同时自动触发继电器控制通风装置运行。
该系统的作用在于，为矿井环境监测提供了一种高效、可靠的解决方案。通过实时监测与自动预警控制，能够帮助管理人员及时掌握井下环境状况，提前规避安全风险，保障矿工生命安全，维护矿井生产的稳定运行。
关键词：单片机；矿井环境检测；气体检测；ZigBee 通信；自动预警
Design of Mine Environment Monitoring System Based on Single-Chip Microcomputer
Abstract
In the process of mine production, abnormal temperature and humidity underground and excessive concentrations of flammable, toxic and harmful gases are major hidden dangers causing safety accidents, which directly threaten the life safety of miners and the safety of mine production. Failure to timely monitor and address these environmental abnormalities may lead to serious accidents such as gas explosions and poisoning asphyxiation, resulting in huge casualties and property losses. Therefore, it is crucial to develop a system that can real-time and accurately monitor mine environmental parameters and has automatic early warning and control functions.
This design proposes a mine environment detection system based on STC89C52 single-chip microcomputer, which is divided into lower computer and upper computer. The lower computer collects real-time data of underground temperature and humidity, flammable gas, carbon monoxide and harmful mixed gas concentrations through DHT11 temperature and humidity detection module, MQ-5 natural gas detection module, MQ-7 CO detection module and MQ-135 harmful mixed gas detection module, and transmits the data to the upper computer via ZigBee. After receiving the data through ZigBee, the upper computer displays various parameters in real-time on the LCD1602 display. Users can set the threshold values of each parameter through three buttons. When the detected value exceeds the threshold range, the system activates sound and light alarm, and automatically triggers the relay to control the operation of the ventilation device.
The function of this system is to provide an efficient and reliable solution for mine environment monitoring. Through real-time monitoring and automatic early warning control, it can help managers timely grasp the underground environment status, avoid potential safety risks in advance, ensure the life safety of miners, and maintain the stable operation of mine production.
Keywords：Single-chip microcomputer; Mine environment detection; Gas detection; ZigBee communication; Automatic early warning
目 录
1 绪论
1.1 研究背景及意义
1.2 国内外研究现状
1.3 主要内容
2 系统总体方案设计
2.1 系统总体设计
2.2 主要模块方案选择
3 系统硬件设计
3.1 总体硬件框架
3.2 主控模块电路设计
3.3 下位机检测与通信模块电路设计
3.4 上位机功能模块电路设计
3.5 电源模块电路设计
4 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 温湿度检测模块子流程设计
4.4 MQ系列检测模块子流程设计
4.5 zigbee模块子流程设计
4.6 LCD1602显示屏子流程设计
4.7 独立按键子流程设计
4.8 声光报警模块子流程设计
5 实物制作与功能测试
5.1 实物制作
5.2 下位机环境参数检测功能测试
5.3 ZigBee 数据传输功能测试
5.4 上位机数据显示与阈值设置功能测试
5.5 异常报警与通风控制功能测试
6 总结
参考文献
致谢
附录A 原理图
附录B PCB
附录C 主程序
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