设计说明书
总字数：15000+
随着智能家居技术的迭代与人们对居住环境舒适性、安全性要求的提升，传统手动窗户已难以满足自动适应环境变化、远程管控的需求。传统窗户无法根据温湿度、雨雪、烟雾等环境因素自动调节状态，也缺乏远程控制能力，在突发环境变化时难以及时响应，难以兼顾居住便捷性与安全保障。因此，研发一款能自动感知环境、智能调控且支持远程管理的智能窗户系统具有重要现实意义。
本设计提出一种基于 STM32F103C8T6 单片机的智能窗户系统。系统主要功能包括：通过 DHT11 温湿度传感器、YL 雨滴传感器、5516 光照强度传感器及 MQ-2 烟雾传感器分别监测环境温湿度、雨水、光照及烟雾浓度；以 “烟雾＞雨滴＞光强＞温湿度” 为优先级，根据检测数据通过四相步进电机控制窗户开关；同时，通过 WIFI 模块将检测数据传输至手机端，支持手机远程控制窗户开关及模式切换。
该智能窗户系统的作用在于，实现了窗户的自动化、智能化管控，既能根据多维度环境参数精准响应并优先处理高危情况，又通过远程控制提升使用便捷性，为用户营造安全、舒适的居住环境，符合现代智能家居的发展趋势。
关键词：STM32 单片机；智能窗户；环境监测；远程控制；步进电机
Design and Implementation of Intelligent Window System Based on STM32
Abstract
With the iteration of smart home technology and the improvement of people’s requirements for the comfort and safety of living environments, traditional manual windows can no longer meet the needs of automatically adapting to environmental changes and remote control. Traditional windows cannot automatically adjust their status according to environmental factors such as temperature and humidity, rain and snow, and smoke, nor do they have remote control capabilities. They are difficult to respond in a timely manner to sudden environmental changes, making it hard to balance living convenience and safety guarantees. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to develop an intelligent window system that can automatically sense the environment, intelligently regulate and support remote management.
This design proposes an intelligent window system based on the STM32F103C8T6 single-chip microcomputer. The main functions of the system include: monitoring environmental temperature and humidity, rainwater, light intensity and smoke concentration through DHT11 temperature and humidity sensor, YL raindrop sensor, 5516 light intensity sensor and MQ-2 smoke sensor respectively; taking “smoke ＞ raindrop ＞ light intensity ＞ temperature and humidity” as the priority, controlling the opening and closing of windows through a four-phase stepper motor according to the detected data; at the same time, transmitting the detected data to the mobile phone through the WIFI module, supporting remote control of window opening and closing and mode switching via mobile phone.
The function of this intelligent window system is to realize the automatic and intelligent management and control of windows. It can not only accurately respond to multi-dimensional environmental parameters and give priority to handling high-risk situations, but also improve the convenience of use through remote control, creating a safe and comfortable living environment for users, which conforms to the development trend of modern smart homes.
Keywords：STM32 single-chip microcomputer; Intelligent window; Environmental monitoring; Remote control; Stepper motor
目 录
1 绪论
1.1 研究背景及意义
1.2 国内外研究现状
1.3 主要内容
2 系统总体方案设计
2.1 系统总体设计
2.2 主要模块方案选择
3 系统硬件设计
3.1 总体硬件框架
3.2 主控模块电路设计
3.3 环境检测模块电路设计
3.4 驱动与执行模块电路设计
3.5 WiFi 通信模块电路设计
3.6 按键模块电路设计
3.7 显示模块电路设计
4 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 主程序流程设计
4.3 独立按键子流程设计
4.4 OLED显示流程设计
4.5 温湿度检测模块子流程
4.6 步进电机子流程
4.7 WiFi模块子流程设计
5 实物制作与功能测试
5.1 实物制作
5.2 环境参数监测及显示功能测试
5.3 优先级控制自动开关窗功能测试
5.4 WiFi 远程控制功能测试
5.5 参数阈值设置功能测试
6 总结
参考文献
致谢
附录A 原理图
附录B PCB
附录C 主程序
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