设计说明书
总字数：16000+
随着居民生活品质的提升和节能减排理念的深入人心，传统热水器在智能化控制、能源优化及便捷性方面的不足日益凸显。传统热水器多依赖单一电加热模式，能源利用率低；缺乏自动温控与定时功能，难以适配用户个性化使用需求；且不支持远程操控，无法满足现代智能家居的便捷化要求。因此，研发一款集智能温控、能源优化、定时控制及远程管理于一体的热水器具有重要现实意义。
本设计提出一种基于 STM32F103C8T6 单片机的热水器。系统主要功能包括：热水器开启后，通过防水式 DS18B20 传感器测量水温，水温低于下限值时启动继电器加热至上限值；通过 5516 光敏电阻传感器检测光照强度，光照大于设定值时启用太阳能加热，否则采用电加热；借助内部 RTC 获取时间（支持按键修正），实现定时开关热水器；通过 3 个 KEY 按键设置温度上下限、光照最大值、定时区间及手动加热（温度范围内可手动加热至最大值）；通过 OLED 显示水温、定时时间及工作模式；通过 NB-iot 模块（BC26）实现远程数据获取，手机端可完成参数设置与手动加热操作。
该热水器的作用在于，实现了加热过程的智能化与能源优化，兼顾手动控制与远程管理，既提升了使用便捷性，又通过太阳能与电能的智能切换降低能耗，符合现代家庭对高效、节能、智能家电的需求。
关键词：单片机；热水器；STM32F103C8T6；智能温控；远程控制
Design of Water Heater Based on Single-Chip Microcomputer
Abstract
With the improvement of residents’ living quality and the deepening of the concept of energy conservation and emission reduction, the shortcomings of traditional water heaters in intelligent control, energy optimization and convenience have become increasingly prominent. Traditional water heaters mostly rely on a single electric heating mode, resulting in low energy utilization; they lack automatic temperature control and timing functions, making it difficult to adapt to users’ personalized needs; and they do not support remote control, failing to meet the convenience requirements of modern smart homes. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to develop a water heater integrating intelligent temperature control, energy optimization, timing control and remote management.
This design proposes a water heater based on the STM32F103C8T6 single-chip microcomputer. The main functions of the system include: after the water heater is turned on, the waterproof DS18B20 sensor is used to measure the water temperature, and when the water temperature is lower than the lower limit, the relay is activated to heat it to the upper limit; the 5516 photoresistor sensor detects the light intensity, and when the light intensity is greater than the set value, solar heating is enabled, otherwise electric heating is adopted; the internal RTC is used to obtain time (supporting button correction) to realize timed on/off of the water heater; 3 KEY buttons are used to set the upper and lower temperature limits, maximum light intensity, timing interval and manual heating (manual heating to the maximum value within the temperature range); OLED is used to display water temperature, timing time and working mode; the NB-iot module (BC26) realizes remote data acquisition, and the mobile phone terminal can complete parameter setting and manual heating operations.
The function of this water heater is to realize the intellectualization and energy optimization of the heating process, taking into account both manual control and remote management. It not only improves the convenience of use, but also reduces energy consumption through the intelligent switching between solar energy and electric energy, which meets the needs of modern families for efficient, energy-saving and intelligent home appliances.
Keywords： Single-chip microcomputer; Water heater; STM32F103C8T6; Intelligent temperature control; Remote control
目 录
1 绪论
1.1 研究背景及意义
1.2 国内外研究现状
1.3 主要内容
2 系统总体方案设计
2.1 系统总体设计
2.2 主要模块方案选择
3 系统硬件设计
3.1 总体硬件框架
3.2 主控模块电路设计
3.3 传感检测模块电路设计
3.4 执行驱动模块电路设计
3.5 显示模块电路设计
3.6 按键模块电路设计
3.7 通信模块电路设计
4 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 主程序流程设计
4.3 温度检测模块子流程设计
4.4 光照检测模块子流程设计
4.5 OLED显示屏子流程设计
4.6 独立按键子流程设计
4.7 NB-IOT模块联网子流程设计
5 实物制作与功能测试
5.1 实物制作
5.2 水温检测及自动加热功能测试
5.3 光照检测及能源切换功能测试
5.4 定时控制及时间修正功能测试
5.5 按键参数设置及手动加热功能测试
5.6 NB-iot 远程控制及数据传输功能测试
6 总结
参考文献
致谢
附录A 原理图
附录B PCB
附录C 主程序
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