设计说明书
总字数：14000+
随着工农业生产的发展和城市化进程的加快，水位的稳定控制与水质的实时监测成为水资源管理、水利工程及工业生产中的关键环节。水位过高易引发洪涝、设备淹没等安全事故，水位过低则可能影响生产生活用水供应；而水体 PH 值与电解质含量（TDS 值）的异常，会直接影响水资源的适用性。传统的水位管理多依赖人工巡检与手动控制，存在响应滞后、效率低下、难以兼顾水质监测等问题，无法满足现代化场景下的自动化管理需求。因此，研发一种集水位监测、自动排水与水质检测于一体的智能系统具有重要现实意义。
本设计提出一种基于 STC89C52 单片机的水位监测与排水系统。系统主要功能包括：通过 YW-01D 液位检测模块实时采集当前水位数据；根据水位等级自动控制排水：水位高于 30%（一级水位）时启动 1 台水泵，高于 60%（二级水位）时启动 2 台水泵，高于 90%（三级水位）时启动 3 台水泵并触发声光报警，低于 30% 时关闭所有水泵；通过 PH 传感器与 TDS 传感器分别检测水体酸碱度及电解质含量；同时，通过 LCD1602 显示屏实时展示水位、PH 值及 TDS 值等测量数据。
该水位监测与排水系统的作用在于，为水位与水质管理提供了一种自动化、一体化的解决方案。通过实时监测、智能调控与直观显示，有效提升了水位控制的及时性与准确性，降低了人工管理成本，同时为水资源的合理利用与安全保障提供数据支撑。
关键词：STC89C52 单片机；水位监测；排水系统；PH 检测；TDS 检测
Design of Water Level Monitoring and Drainage System Based on Single-Chip Microcomputer
Abstract
With the development of industrial and agricultural production and the acceleration of urbanization, stable water level control and real-time water quality monitoring have become key links in water resource management, water conservancy projects and industrial production. Excessively high water levels are prone to safety accidents such as floods and equipment submergence, while excessively low water levels may affect the supply of water for production and daily life; abnormal pH value and electrolyte content (TDS value) of water bodies will directly affect the applicability of water resources. Traditional water level management mostly relies on manual inspection and manual control, which has problems such as slow response, low efficiency, and difficulty in taking water quality monitoring into account, making it unable to meet the needs of automated management in modern scenarios. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to develop an intelligent system integrating water level monitoring, automatic drainage and water quality detection.
This design proposes a water level monitoring and drainage system based on STC89C52 single-chip microcomputer. The main functions of the system include: real-time collection of current water level data through YW-01D liquid level detection module; automatic drainage control according to water level acousto-optic alarm when higher than 90% (third-level water level), and turn off all water pumps when lower than 30%; detect water pH and electrolyte content through pH sensor and TDS sensor respectively; at the same time, real-time display of measured data such as water level, pH value and TDS value through LCD1602 display.
The function of this water level monitoring and drainage system is to provide an automated and integrated solution for water level and water quality management. Through real-time monitoring, intelligent regulation and intuitive display, it effectively improves the timeliness and accuracy of water level control, reduces manual management costs, and provides data support for the rational use and safety guarantee of water resources.
Keywords：STC89C52 Single-Chip Microcomputer; Water Level Monitoring; Drainage System; PH Detection; TDS Detection
目 录
1 绪论
1.1 研究背景及意义
1.2 国内外研究现状
1.3 主要内容
2 系统总体方案设计
2.1 系统总体设计
2.2 主要模块方案选择
3 系统硬件设计
3.1 总体硬件框架
3.2 主控模块电路设计
3.3 液位检测模块电路设计
3.4 水质检测模块电路设计
3.5 ADC 转换模块电路设计
3.6 继电器驱动模块电路设计
3.7 显示模块电路设计
3.8 声光报警模块电路设计
4 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
- 液位检测模块子流程设计
- PH检测模块子流程设计
- 溶解氧检测模块子流程设计
- LCD1602显示屏子流程设计
- 声光报警模块子流程设计
5 实物制作与功能测试
5.1 实物制作
5.2 水位检测与分级排水功能测试
5.3 水质参数检测功能测试
5.4 LCD1602 显示功能测试
5.5 声光报警功能测试
5.6 系统整体联动测试
6 总结
参考文献
致谢
附录A 原理图
附录B PCB
附录C 主程序
购买后可查看具体内容！