设计说明书
总字数：14000+
随着工业化和城市化进程的加快，江河水质污染问题日益突出，对生态环境、农业生产及人类饮水安全构成严重威胁。水温、浑浊度、PH 值和 TDS 值作为衡量江河水质的核心指标，其实时、准确监测是水质污染防治与管理的关键环节。传统的水质监测方式多依赖人工采样和实验室分析，存在监测周期长、成本高、无法实时反映水质动态变化等问题，难以满足江河水质常态化监测的需求。因此，研发一种便捷、高效且适应野外环境的水质监测系统具有重要现实意义。
本设计提出一种基于 STM32F103C8T6 单片机的复合供电江河水质监测系统。系统主要功能包括：通过防水式 DS18B20 温度传感器检测江河水温；借助浑浊度 TSW-30 传感器采集水体浑浊度数据；通过 PH 传感器测量水环境的酸碱度；利用 TDS 传感器检测水体中的电解质含量；通过 OLED 显示屏实时显示各项监测数据；同时并通过蓝牙模块将监测数据传输至手机端，方便工作人员实时查看。
该江河水质监测系统的作用在于，为江河水质监测提供了一种轻量化、智能化的解决方案。通过实时采集和传输关键水质指标，能够帮助监测人员及时掌握水质变化情况，为水质污染预警、治理决策提供数据支撑，有效提升江河水质管理的效率与精准度。
关键词：STM32F103C8T6；江河水质监测；传感器；蓝牙通信
Design of River Water Quality Monitoring System Based on Composite Power Supply Single-Chip Microcomputr
Abstract
With the acceleration of industrialization and urbanization, the problem of river water pollution has become increasingly prominent, posing a serious threat to the ecological environment, agricultural production and human drinking water safety. As core indicators for measuring river water quality, water temperature, turbidity, pH value and TDS value, their real-time and accurate monitoring is a key link in water pollution prevention and management. Traditional water quality monitoring methods mostly rely on manual sampling and laboratory analysis, which have problems such as long monitoring cycle, high cost, and inability to reflect the dynamic changes of water quality in real time, making it difficult to meet the needs of regular river water quality monitoring. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to develop a convenient, efficient water quality monitoring system suitable for field environments.
This design proposes a river water quality monitoring system based on STM32F103C8T6 single-chip microcomputer with composite power supply. The main functions of the system include: detecting river water temperature through a waterproof DS18B20 temperature sensor; collecting water turbidity data with a turbidity TSW-30 sensor; measuring the pH of the water environment through a pH sensor; detecting the electrolyte content in the water with a TDS sensor; displaying various monitoring data in real time through an OLED display; at the same time, the system adopts a composite power supply mode to ensure continuous operation in the field.
The function of this river water quality monitoring system is to provide a lightweight and intelligent solution for river water quality monitoring. By collecting and transmitting key water quality indicators in real time, it can help monitoring personnel grasp the changes of water quality in time, provide data support for water pollution early warning and governance decisions, and effectively improve the efficiency and accuracy of river water quality management.
Keywords：STM32F103C8T6; River Water Quality Monitoring; Sensor; Bluetooth Communication
目 录
1 绪论
1.1 研究背景及意义
1.2 国内外研究现状
1.3 主要内容
2 系统总体方案设计
2.1 系统总体设计
2.2 主要模块方案选择
3 系统硬件设计
3.1 总体硬件框架
3.2 主控模块电路设计
3.3 温度检测模块电路设计
3.4 浑浊度检测模块电路设计
3.5 PH 检测模块电路设计
3.6 TDS 检测模块电路设计
3.7 显示模块电路设计
3.8 蓝牙通信模块电路设计
4 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 独立按键子流程设计
4.4 OLED显示流程设计
4.5 温度检测模块子流程设计
4.6 蓝牙模块子流程
4.7 浑浊度检测模块子流程设计
4.8 PH检测模块子流程设计
4.9 溶解氧检测模块子流程设计
5 实物制作与功能测试
5.1 实物制作
5.2 多参数水质检测功能测试
5.3 OLED 显示功能测试
5.4 蓝牙通信功能测试
6 总结
参考文献
致谢
附录A 原理图
附录B PCB
附录C 主程序
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