设计说明书
总字数：17000+
随着城市轨道交通网络的不断扩展，乘客对出行的便捷性、安全性及信息获取的及时性提出了更高要求。站点报站与车门控制是地铁运营的关键环节，传统系统多依赖集中式控制或人工辅助操作，存在部署成本高、灵活性不足等问题，尤其在小型轨道交通线路、地铁教学模拟或展馆导览等场景中，难以适配轻量化、低成本的应用需求。此外，传统系统在障碍物检测响应、模式切换便捷性上的短板，也可能影响运营效率与乘客人身安全。因此，研发一种集成站点定位、自动报站、智能车门控制及灵活交互的一体化系统具有重要现实意义。
本设计提出一种基于 STM32F103C8T6 单片机的地铁门站点监测语音报站系统。系统主要功能包括：通过 GPS 模块对比实时定位与预设站点（体育中心站、铁路局站、小西沟站）信息，到达站点后通过 CN-TTS 模块自动播报 “站到了，开侧车门”；同步点亮对应站台 LED 灯，通过 ULN2003A 驱动步进电机正转开启车门，10 秒后蜂鸣器报警 3 声，电机反转关闭车门；车门关闭时通过 FL 红外对射管检测障碍物，遇阻则暂停 5 秒后重试；OLED 显示屏实时显示当前时间与站台信息；3 个独立按键可切换运行方向、进入后台录入站点定位信息及切换定位报站（自动）与手动报站模式（默认）。
该系统的作用在于，为地铁站点管理提供了轻量化、智能化的解决方案。通过自动定位报站与智能车门控制，降低人工干预成本，提升运营效率；障碍物检测功能保障乘客人身安全；灵活的模式切换与参数设置功能适配多场景需求，具有广泛的应用前景。
关键词：STM32F103C8T6；地铁站点监测；GPS 定位；语音报站；车门控制
Design and Implementation of Subway Door Station Monitoring and Voice Announcement System
Abstract
With the continuous expansion of urban rail transit networks, passengers have higher requirements for travel convenience, safety and timeliness of information acquisition. Station announcement and door control are key links in subway operation. Traditional systems mostly rely on centralized control or manual auxiliary operations, which have problems such as high deployment cost and insufficient flexibility. Especially in scenarios such as small rail transit lines, subway teaching simulations or exhibition hall tours, it is difficult to adapt to lightweight and low-cost application needs. In addition, the shortcomings of traditional systems in obstacle detection response and mode switching convenience may also affect operational efficiency and passenger safety. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to develop an integrated system integrating station positioning, automatic announcement, intelligent door control and flexible interaction.
This design proposes a subway door station monitoring and voice announcement system based on STM32F103C8T6 single-chip microcomputer. The main functions of the system include: comparing real-time positioning with preset station (Sports Center Station, Railway Bureau Station, Xiaoxigou Station) information through GPS module, and automatically broadcasting “* Station arrived, open * side door” through CN-TTS module when arriving at the station; synchronously lighting the corresponding platform LED light, driving the stepping motor to rotate forward through ULN2003A to open the door, after 10 seconds, the buzzer alarms 3 times, and the motor reverses to close the door; detecting obstacles through FL infrared correlation tube when the door is closing, and if an obstacle is encountered, it pauses for 5 seconds before retrying; OLED display real-time shows current time and platform information; 3 independent buttons can switch the running direction, enter the background to input station positioning information, and switch between positioning announcement (automatic) and manual announcement mode (default).
The function of this system is to provide a lightweight and intelligent solution for subway station management. Through automatic positioning announcement and intelligent door control, it reduces manual intervention costs and improves operational efficiency; the obstacle detection function ensures passenger safety; the flexible mode switching and parameter setting functions adapt to multi-scenario needs, with broad application prospects.
Keywords：STM32F103C8T6; Subway Station Monitoring; GPS Positioning; Voice Announcement; Door Control
目 录
1 绪论
1.1 研究背景及意义
1.2 国内外研究现状
1.3 主要内容
2 系统总体方案设计
2.1 系统总体设计
2.2 主要模块方案选择
3 系统硬件设计
3.1 总体硬件框架
3.2 主控模块电路设计
3.3 GPS 定位模块电路设计
3.4 语音播报模块电路设计
3.5 步进电机驱动模块电路设计
3.6 红外检测模块电路设计
3.7 显示模块电路设计
3.8 按键模块电路设计
3.9 蜂鸣器报警模块电路设计
3.10 站台 LED 灯电路设计
3.11 电源模块电路设计
4 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
- GPS模块子流程设计
4.3 语音识别模块子流程设计
4.4 步进电机子流程设计
4.5 分离式红外开关模块子流程设计
4.6 OLED显示屏子流程设计
4.7 独立按键子流程设计
4.8 声光报警模块子流程设计
5 实物制作与功能测试
5.1 实物制作
5.2 GPS 定位与语音报站功能测试
5.3 车门控制与障碍物检测功能测试
5.4 OLED 显示与站台 LED 指示功能测试
5.5 按键交互功能测试
5.6 系统整体联动测试
6 总结
参考文献
致谢
附录A 原理图
附录B PCB
附录C 主程序
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