设计说明书
总字数：18000+
在禽蛋孵化领域，温湿度、光照、翻蛋等环境因素的精准控制直接决定孵化率与雏苗质量。传统孵化方式依赖人工调控，存在效率低、精度差、难以实时监控等问题，已无法满足规模化、标准化孵化需求。因此，研发一种自动化、智能化的孵化控制设备具有重要的现实意义。
本设计提出一种基于 STC89C52 单片机的孵化箱系统。该系统核心功能包括：通过 DHT11 传感器检测箱内温湿度，当检测值超出设定阈值时，通过继电器自动启动加热、制冷、加湿、除湿功能；借助 5516 光敏电阻采集光照强度，结合 DS1302 时钟模块的定时功能，在预设补光时段内若光照不足则自动补光；通过 D203S 热释电感应模块检测孵化完成状态，完成后触发声光报警；通过 ULN2003A 驱动步进电机实现翻蛋动作，翻蛋间隔可通过按键设定；通过三个 KEY 按键完成各项参数阈值的设置；通过 OLED 显示屏实时显示系统运行数据；同时，借助蓝牙模块实现数据向手机端的远程传输，且支持通过手机端远程控制加热、制冷、加湿、除湿、补光及翻蛋功能。
该孵化箱系统实现了孵化过程的自动化调控与远程监控，有效降低人工干预成本，提高孵化环境控制精度，对提升孵化效率与雏苗存活率具有重要作用，可广泛应用于小型养殖厂及家庭孵化场景。
关键词：STC89C52 单片机；孵化箱；自动调控；远程监控；传感器
Design of Incubator Based on STC89C52 Single-Chip Microcomputer
Abstract
In the field of poultry egg incubation, the precise control of environmental factors such as temperature, humidity, light and egg turning directly determines the hatching rate and the quality of chicks. The traditional incubation method relies on manual regulation, which has problems such as low efficiency, poor precision and difficulty in real-time monitoring, and can no longer meet the needs of large-scale and standardized incubation. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to develop an automatic and intelligent incubation control equipment.
This design proposes an incubator system based on STC89C52 single-chip microcomputer. The core functions of the system include: detecting the temperature and humidity inside the incubator through DHT11 sensor, and automatically starting heating, cooling, humidification and dehumidification functions through relays when the detected values exceed the set thresholds; collecting light intensity with 5516 photoresistor, and combining with the timing function of DS1302 clock module, automatically supplementing light if the light is insufficient during the preset light supplement period; detecting the hatching completion status through D203S pyroelectric sensor module, and triggering sound and light alarm after completion; realizing egg turning action through ULN2003A driving stepper motor, and the egg turning interval can be set through buttons; completing the setting of various parameter thresholds through three KEY buttons; displaying real-time system operation data through OLED display; at the same time, realizing remote transmission of data to mobile phone through Bluetooth module, and supporting remote control of heating, cooling, humidification, dehumidification, light supplement and egg turning functions through mobile phone.
The incubator system realizes automatic regulation and remote monitoring of the incubation process, effectively reduces the cost of manual intervention, improves the precision of incubation environment control, and plays an important role in improving incubation efficiency and chick survival rate. It can be widely used in small-scale farms and family incubation scenarios.
Keywords：STC89C52 Single-Chip Microcomputer; Incubator; Automatic Regulation; Remote Monitoring; Sensor
目 录
1 绪论
1.1 研究背景及意义
1.2 国内外研究现状
1.3 主要内容
2 系统总体方案设计
2.1 系统总体设计
2.2 主要模块方案选择
3 系统硬件设计
3.1 总体硬件框架
3.2 主控模块电路设计
3.3 温湿度检测模块电路设计
3.4 光照检测模块电路设计
3.5 时钟模块电路设计
3.6 执行驱动模块电路设计
3.7 显示模块电路设计
3.8 按键模块电路设计
3.9 声光报警模块电路设计
3.10 蓝牙通信模块电路设计
4 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 温湿度检测模块子流程设计
4.4 光照检测模块子流程设计
4.5 时钟模块子流程设计
4.6 步进电机子流程设计
4.7 OLED显示屏子流程设计
4.8 独立按键子流程设计
4.9 声光报警模块子流程设计
4.10 蓝牙模块子流程设计
5 实物制作与功能测试
5.1 实物制作
5.2 温湿度检测与自动调控功能测试
5.3 光照检测与补光功能测试
5.4 孵化完成检测与声光报警功能测试
5.5 翻蛋功能测试
5.6 按键设置与显示功能测试
5.7 蓝牙数据传输与远程控制功能测试
6 总结
参考文献
致谢
附录A 原理图
附录B PCB
附录C 主程序
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