设计说明书
总字数：16000+
在现代水务管理与家庭用水监测场景中，传统机械水表存在数据采集效率低、人工抄表成本高、用水数据追溯难等问题。人工抄表不仅耗时耗力，还易出现读数误差、漏抄错抄等情况，难以满足水务部门对用水数据实时化、精准化管理的需求，也无法为用户提供便捷的用水数据查询与监测渠道。随着智慧水务理念的普及，研发一种能实现水流量精准检测、数据远程传输与多设备区分管理的智能水表系统，对提升水务管理效率、降低运营成本具有重要意义。
本设计提出了一种基于 STM32F103C8T6 单片机的智能水表系统，包含两个独立水表单元。系统主要功能包括：通过按键启动继电器控制水泵抽水，模拟水流经过 YF-S401 水流量计，该流量计可实现 0.01 单位精度的水流量检测；通过 4 位拨码 4P 开关为每个水表分配独立标识，实现不同水表的区分管理；每个水表单元配备 NB 通信模块，可将检测到的水流量数据实时传输至云平台，用户通过手机端可远程查看各水表的用水数据，无需现场操作。
该智能水表系统的应用，为水务管理与用户用水监测提供了便捷、高效的解决方案。通过精准的水流量检测与远程数据传输，既减少了人工抄表的成本与误差，又让水务部门能实时掌握用水情况，便于开展精细化管理；同时，用户可通过手机端随时查看用水数据，提升用水透明度与管理便捷性，对推动智慧水务建设、优化水资源利用具有实际价值。
关键词：STM32F103C8T6 单片机；智能水表；YF-S401 水流量计；NB 通信；远程数据监测；多设备区分
Design of Intelligent Water Meter System Based on Single-Chip Microcomputer
Abstract
In modern water management and household water consumption monitoring scenarios, traditional mechanical water meters have problems such as low data collection efficiency, high manual meter reading costs, and difficulty in tracing water consumption data. Manual meter reading is not only time-consuming and labor-intensive, but also prone to reading errors, missed readings, and wrong readings. It is difficult to meet the needs of water utilities for real-time and accurate management of water consumption data, and also cannot provide users with convenient channels for querying and monitoring water consumption data. With the popularization of the concept of smart water utilities, it is of great significance to develop an intelligent water meter system that can realize accurate water flow detection, remote data transmission, and differentiated management of multiple devices to improve the efficiency of water management and reduce operating costs.
This design proposes an intelligent water meter system based on the STM32F103C8T6 single-chip microcomputer, which includes two independent water meter units. The main functions of the system are as follows: the water pump is started through the button to control the water pump to pump water, simulating water flow through the YF-S401 water flow meter, which can realize water flow detection with an accuracy of 0.01 unit; a 4-bit DIP 4P switch is used to assign an independent identifier to each water meter to realize differentiated management of different water meters; each water meter unit is equipped with an NB communication module, which can transmit the detected water flow data to the cloud platform in real time, and users can remotely view the water consumption data of each water meter through the mobile phone terminal without on-site operation.
The application of this intelligent water meter system provides a convenient and efficient solution for water management and user water consumption monitoring. Through accurate water flow detection and remote data transmission, it not only reduces the cost and error of manual meter reading, but also enables water utilities to grasp the water consumption situation in real time, facilitating refined management; at the same time, users can check the water consumption data at any time through the mobile phone terminal, improving the transparency and management convenience of water use. It has practical value for promoting the construction of smart water utilities and optimizing the utilization of water resources.
Keywords：STM32F103C8T6 Single-Chip Microcomputer; Intelligent Water Meter; YF-S401 Water Flow Meter; NB Communication; Remote Data Monitoring; Multi-Device Differentiation
目 录
1 绪论
1.1 研究背景及意义
1.2 国内外研究现状
1.3 主要内容
2 系统总体方案设计
2.1 系统总体设计
2.2 主要模块方案选择
3 系统硬件设计
3.1 总体硬件框架
3.2 主控模块电路设计
3.3 水流量检测模块电路设计
3.4 水流模拟驱动模块电路设计
3.5 多设备区分模块电路设计
3.6 远程通信模块电路设计
3.7 按键模块电路设计
4 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 水流量检测模块子流程设计
4.3 NB-IOT模块联网子流程设计
4.4 独立按键子流程设计
5 实物制作与功能测试
5.1 实物制作
5.2 水流模拟与流量检测功能测试
5.3 多设备区分功能测试
5.4 远程数据传输功能测试
5.5 双水表协同运行测试
6 总结
参考文献
致谢
附录A 原理图
附录B PCB
附录C 主程序
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