设计说明书
总字数：15000+
随着粮食储备规模的扩大与仓储管理精细化需求的提升，粮仓内温湿度、烟雾等环境参数的实时监测成为保障粮食安全的关键环节。若温湿度失衡引发霉变、虫害，或烟雾泄漏导致火灾隐患等异常情况未能及时处置，将造成重大粮食损失与安全风险。因此，研发一种高效精准的粮仓环境监测报警设备具有重要现实意义。
本设计提出一种基于 STM32F103C8T6 单片机的粮仓环境监测报警系统，采用主从机协同架构。从机核心功能包括：通过 DHT11 温湿度检测模块实时采集粮仓内温度与湿度数据，借助 MQ-2 检测模块监测烟雾浓度，并通过蓝牙模块将各类环境参数传输至主机端；主机可通过蓝牙接收从机数据，经判断若温湿度或烟雾值超出预设阈值，立即触发声光报警并进行语言提醒，同时支持用户通过按键自定义设置各参数阈值，所有监测数据与系统状态均通过 OLED 显示屏实时展示。
该系统为粮仓管理提供了便捷可靠的环境监测解决方案，通过实时数据采集、智能预警与直观展示，帮助管理人员快速响应环境异常，有效降低粮食霉变、火灾等风险，为粮食储存安全提供有力保障。
关键词：单片机；粮仓环境监测；温湿度检测；烟雾检测
Granary Environment Monitoring and Alarm System
Abstract
With the expansion of grain reserve scale and the improvement of refined storage management demand, real-time monitoring of environmental parameters such as temperature, humidity and smoke in granaries has become a key link to ensure grain safety. If abnormal situations such as mildew and pests caused by unbalanced temperature and humidity, or fire hazards caused by smoke leakage are not handled in time, it will lead to major grain losses and safety risks. Therefore, developing an efficient and accurate granary environment monitoring and alarm device is of great practical significance.
This design proposes a granary environment monitoring and alarm system based on STM32F103C8T6 single-chip microcomputer, adopting a master-slave cooperative architecture. The core functions of the slave include: real-time collection of temperature and humidity data in the granary through the DHT11 temperature and humidity detection module, monitoring of smoke concentration by the MQ-2 detection module, and transmission of various environmental parameters to the host through the Bluetooth module; the host can receive data from the slave via Bluetooth. If the temperature, humidity or smoke value exceeds the preset threshold after judgment, it will immediately trigger an audible and visual alarm and provide a voice reminder. Meanwhile, it supports users to customize the thresholds of various parameters through buttons, and all monitoring data and system status are displayed in real time on the OLED display.
The system provides a convenient and reliable environmental monitoring solution for granary management. Through real-time data collection, intelligent early warning and intuitive display, it helps managers quickly respond to environmental abnormalities, effectively reduces risks such as grain mildew and fire, and provides strong protection for grain storage safety..
Keywords：Single-chip microcomputer; Granary environment monitoring; Temperature and humidity detection; Smoke detection
目 录
1 绪论
1.1 研究背景及意义
1.2 国内外研究现状
1.3 主要内容
2 系统总体方案设计
2.1 系统总体设计
2.2 主要模块方案选择
3 系统硬件设计
3.1 总体硬件框架
3.2 主控模块电路设计
3.3 从机温湿度检测模块电路设计
3.4 从机烟雾检测模块电路设计
3.5 蓝牙通信模块电路设计
3.6 主机显示模块电路设计
3.7 主机按键模块电路设计
3.8 主机报警模块电路设计
3.9 电源模块电路设计
4 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 从机系统主流程设计
4.3 主机系统主流程设计
4.4 温湿度检测模块子流程设计
4.5 烟雾检测模块子流程设计
4.6 蓝牙模块子流程设计
4.7 OLED显示屏子流程设计
4.8 声光报警模块子流程设计
4.9 语音播报模块子流程设计
5 实物制作与功能测试
5.1 实物制作
5.2 环境参数检测及显示功能测试
5.3 异常报警功能测试
5.4 阈值设置功能测试
5.5 主从机通信功能测试
6 总结
参考文献
致谢
附录A 原理图
附录B PCB
附录C 主程序
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