设计说明书
总字数：17000+
随着水族养殖爱好者对饲养环境精细化管理需求的提升，鱼缸内水温、光照、水位等环境参数的精准调控及自动化运维成为保障水生生物健康的关键。传统人工管理模式不仅耗时耗力，且难以实现参数的实时监测与及时干预，易导致水生生物生存环境恶化。因此，研发一种集监测、控制、远程管理于一体的智能鱼缸系统具有重要现实意义。
本设计提出一种基于 STC890C52 单片机的智能鱼缸系统。系统核心功能包括：通过防水式 DS18B20 模块检测水温，低于设定最小值时自动启动加热棒加热；借助 5516 光敏电阻光照检测模块监测光照强度，光照不足时触发补光功能；通过 YW-01D 水位检测模块获取水位信息，按键启动换水后，由双水泵依次完成抽水至最低水位、加水至最高水位的自动流程；利用 DS1302 模块获取时间，支持按键修正时间，且可预设投喂时间，届时启动步进电机控制投喂器投喂，10 秒后自动关闭；通过 3 个 KEY 按键可设置各项参数阈值，并能手动控制加热、补光、喂食、换水、充氧及模式切换功能；系统通过 LCD1602 显示屏实时显示各项测量数据，同时借助蓝牙模块将数据传输至手机端，支持手机端远程控制加热、补光、喂食、换水、充氧及模式切换。
该智能鱼缸系统为水族养殖提供了便捷高效的自动化管理方案，通过实时监测与智能调控，有效维持鱼缸内环境稳定，降低人工管理成本，助力水生生物健康生长，提升水族养殖体验。
关键词：51 单片机；智能鱼缸；环境监测；自动控制；蓝牙通信
Design and Implementation of Intelligent Fish Tank Based on 51 Single-Chip Microcomputer
Abstract
With the increasing demand of aquarium enthusiasts for refined management of breeding environments, the accurate regulation and automated operation of environmental parameters such as water temperature, light, and water level in fish tanks have become crucial to ensuring the health of aquatic organisms. The traditional manual management mode is not only time-consuming and labor-intensive, but also difficult to realize real-time monitoring and timely intervention of parameters, which easily leads to the deterioration of the living environment of aquatic organisms. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to develop an intelligent fish tank system integrating monitoring, control and remote management.
This design proposes an intelligent fish tank system based on the STC890C52 single-chip microcomputer. The core functions of the system include: detecting water temperature through a waterproof DS18B20 module, and automatically starting the heating rod for heating when the temperature is lower than the set minimum value; monitoring light intensity with a 5516 photoresistor light detection module, and triggering the light supplement function when the light is insufficient; obtaining water level information via the YW-01D water level detection module, and after the water change is activated by a button, two water pumps sequentially complete the automatic process of pumping water to the minimum water level and then adding water to the maximum water level; acquiring time using the DS1302 module, which supports time correction via buttons, and can preset feeding time, at which point the stepper motor is activated to control the feeder for feeding, and it automatically turns off after 10 seconds; setting various parameter thresholds through 3 KEY buttons, and manually controlling heating, light supplement, feeding, water change, oxygenation and mode switching functions; the system displays various measured data in real time through an LCD1602 display, and simultaneously transmits data to the mobile phone terminal via a Bluetooth module, supporting remote control of heating, light supplement, feeding, water change, oxygenation and mode switching on the mobile phone.
This intelligent fish tank system provides a convenient and efficient automated management solution for aquarium breeding. Through real-time monitoring and intelligent regulation, it effectively maintains the stability of the environment in the fish tank, reduces the cost of manual management, helps aquatic organisms grow healthily, and improves the aquarium breeding experience.
Keywords：51 Single-Chip Microcomputer; Intelligent Fish Tank; Environmental Monitoring; Automatic Control; Bluetooth Communication
目 录
1 绪论
1.1 研究背景及意义
1.2 国内外研究现状
1.3 主要内容
2 系统总体方案设计
2.1 系统总体设计
2.2 主要模块方案选择
3 系统硬件设计
3.1 总体硬件框架
3.2 主控模块电路设计
3.3 环境检测模块电路设计
3.4 时钟模块电路设计
3.5 显示模块电路设计
3.6 按键模块电路设计
3.7 执行控制模块电路设计
3.8 蓝牙通信模块电路设计
4 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
- 温度检测模块子流程设计
- 光照检测模块子流程设计
- 液位检测模块子流程设计
- 时钟模块子流程设计
- LCD1602显示屏子流程设计
- 独立按键子流程设计
- 步进电机子流程设计
- 蓝牙模块子流程设计
5 实物制作与功能测试
5.1 实物制作
5.2 环境监测与显示功能测试
5.3 自动调控功能测试
5.4 定时投喂与时间修正功能测试
5.5 按键控制与模式切换功能测试
5.6 蓝牙通信与远程控制功能测试
6 总结
参考文献
致谢
附录A 原理图
附录B PCB
附录C 主程序
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