设计说明书
总字数：17000+
随着汽车保有量的激增和出行需求的常态化，车内环境质量对驾乘人员健康的影响愈发凸显。车内温湿度失衡、CO、CO₂及酒精浓度超标等问题，若不能及时察觉与干预，可能引发头晕、窒息等不适症状，甚至诱发安全事故，对驾乘人员的生命安全构成严重威胁。因此，研发一种能实时、精准监测车内多维度环境参数的智能系统十分必要。
本设计提出了一种基于 STM32F103C8T6 单片机的物联网车内环境监测系统。系统主要功能包括：通过 DHT11 温湿度检测模块获取车内温湿度数据；借助 MQ-7、SGP30、MQ-3 模块分别检测车内 CO、CO₂及酒精浓度；通过 3 个 KEY 按键实现界面切换与参数阈值设置；OLED 显示屏实时展示各项检测数据及预设阈值；当检测到任意参数超出设定最大值时，立即控制通风继电器开启，并触发声光报警提醒；同时，系统通过 ESP8266 WiFi 模块将检测数据上传至阿里云，经云端同步至手机端实现远程监控，手机端亦可远程设置参数阈值。
该车内环境监测系统的作用在于，为驾乘人员提供了一种全方位、智能化的车内环境安全保障工具。通过实时监测、自动调控、异常报警与远程管控，能够帮助用户及时规避车内环境风险，保障驾乘健康与出行安全，提升出行体验。
关键词：物联网；车内环境监测；STM32 单片机；远程监控；声光报警
Title: Design of Vehicle Interior Environment Monitoring System Based on Internet of Things
Abstract
With the surge in car ownership and the normalization of travel demand, the impact of vehicle interior environment quality on the health of drivers and passengers has become increasingly prominent. Problems such as unbalanced temperature and humidity in the car, and excessive concentrations of CO, CO₂ and alcohol, if not detected and intervened in a timely manner, may cause discomfort such as dizziness and suffocation, and even induce safety accidents, posing a serious threat to the lives of drivers and passengers. Therefore, it is very necessary to develop an intelligent system that can monitor multiple environmental parameters in the car in real time and accurately.
This design proposes an Internet of Things-based vehicle interior environment monitoring system based on the STM32F103C8T6 single-chip microcomputer. The main functions of the system include: obtaining temperature and humidity data in the car through the DHT11 temperature and humidity detection module; detecting CO, CO₂ and alcohol concentrations in the car by means of MQ-7, SGP30 and MQ-3 modules respectively; realizing interface switching and parameter threshold setting through 3 KEY buttons; the OLED display screen displays various detection data and preset thresholds in real time; when any parameter is detected to exceed the set maximum value, it immediately controls the ventilation relay to turn on and triggers an audible and visual alarm for reminder; at the same time, the system uploads the detection data to Alibaba Cloud through the ESP8266 WiFi module, which is then synchronized to the mobile phone terminal through the cloud to realize remote monitoring, and the mobile phone terminal can also set parameter thresholds remotely.
The function of this vehicle interior environment monitoring system is to provide a comprehensive and intelligent vehicle interior environment safety guarantee tool for drivers and passengers. Through real-time monitoring, automatic regulation, abnormal alarm and remote control, it can help users avoid vehicle interior environment risks in time, ensure driving and riding health and travel safety, and improve travel experience.
Keywords：Internet of Things; Vehicle interior environment monitoring; STM32 single-chip microcomputer; Remote monitoring; Audible and visual alarm
目 录
1 绪论
1.1 研究背景及意义
1.2 国内外研究现状
1.3 主要内容
2 系统总体方案设计
2.1 系统总体设计
2.2 主要模块方案选择
3 系统硬件设计
3.1 总体硬件框架
3.2 主控模块电路设计
3.3 环境检测模块电路设计
3.4 显示模块电路设计
3.5 按键模块电路设计
3.6 执行与报警模块电路设计
3.7 通信模块电路设计
4 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 温湿度检测模块子流程设计
4.4 一氧化碳检测模块子流程设计
4.5 酒精检测模块子流程设计
4.6 SGP30模块子流程设计
4.7 OLED显示屏子流程设计
4.8 独立按键子流程设计
4.9 声光报警模块子流程设计
4.10 WiFi模块子流程设计
5 实物制作与功能测试
5.1 实物制作
5.2 多参数检测与显示功能测试
5.3 阈值设置与自动调控功能测试
5.4 声光报警功能测试
5.5 物联网通信功能测试
6 总结
参考文献
致谢
附录A 原理图
附录B PCB
附录C 主程序
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