设计说明书
总字数：18000+
随着室内装修的普及和空气质量问题的凸显，室内有害气体的实时监测与预警成为保障人们居住健康的关键环节。甲醛、一氧化碳等有害气体及温湿度异常，若长期超出安全范围且未被及时察觉，可能会对人体呼吸系统、神经系统等造成损害，甚至引发严重健康风险。因此，研发一种能实时、准确监测室内有害气体并及时预警的设备具有重要现实意义。
本设计提出了一种基于 STM32F103C8T6 单片机的室内有害气体检测仪及预警系统。系统主要功能包括：通过 MQ-7 传感器检测一氧化碳浓度，MS1100 传感器检测甲醛浓度，MQ-135 传感器检测多类有害气体浓度，DHT11 传感器采集环境温湿度数据；用户通过 3 个 key 按键可设置各类气体浓度上限值，还能手动控制风扇及切换系统模式；OLED 显示屏实时显示各项检测数据；当任意一种有害气体浓度超过预设最大值时，系统立即触发声光报警，同时通过 SIM900A 模块发送预警短信，并驱动继电器开启风扇通风；此外，系统通过 ESP8266-12F WIFI 模块将测量数据上传至手机端，用户也可通过手机端远程控制风扇和切换模式。
该系统的作用在于，为人们提供了一种全方位、智能化的室内空气质量监测与防护工具。通过实时监测、多维度预警及自动与手动联动的通风控制，能够帮助人们及时掌握室内环境状况，快速应对有害气体超标问题，为室内居住及工作环境的健康安全提供保障，提升生活与工作的舒适度。
关键词：室内有害气体检测；预警系统；温湿度监测；无线通信
Indoor Harmful Gas Detector and Early Warning System Based on STM32 Single-Chip Microcomputer
Abstract
With the popularization of indoor decoration and the prominence of air quality issues, real-time monitoring and early warning of indoor harmful gases have become a key link in ensuring people’s living health. Abnormal levels of harmful gases such as formaldehyde and carbon monoxide, as well as temperature and humidity, if they exceed the safe range for a long time and are not detected in time, may cause damage to the human respiratory system, nervous system, etc., and even trigger serious health risks. Therefore, developing a device that can monitor indoor harmful gases in real time and accurately and issue early warnings in a timely manner is of great practical significance.
This design proposes an indoor harmful gas detector and early warning system based on the STM32F103C8T6 single-chip microcomputer. The main functions of the system include: detecting carbon monoxide concentration through the MQ-7 sensor, formaldehyde concentration through the MS1100 sensor, various harmful gas concentrations through the MQ-135 sensor, and collecting ambient temperature and humidity data through the DHT11 sensor; users can set the upper limits of various gas concentrations through 3 key buttons, and also manually control the fan and switch system modes; the OLED display screen shows all detection data in real time; when the concentration of any harmful gas exceeds the preset maximum value, the system immediately triggers an audible and visual alarm, sends an early warning SMS through the SIM900A module, and drives the relay to turn on the fan for ventilation; in addition, the system uploads the measured data to the mobile phone terminal through the ESP8266-12F WIFI module, and users can also remotely control the fan and switch modes through the mobile phone terminal.
The function of this system is to provide people with a comprehensive and intelligent tool for indoor air quality monitoring and protection. Through real-time monitoring, multi-dimensional early warning, and ventilation control with both automatic and manual linkage, it can help people grasp the indoor environmental conditions in a timely manner, quickly respond to excessive harmful gas problems, provide protection for the health and safety of indoor living and working environments, and improve the comfort of life and work.
Keywords：Single-Chip Microcomputer; Indoor Harmful Gas Detection; Early Warning System; Temperature and Humidity Monitoring; Wireless Communication
目 录
1 绪论
1.1 研究背景及意义
1.2 国内外研究现状
1.3 主要内容
2 系统总体方案设计
2.1 系统总体设计
2.2 主要模块方案选择
3 系统硬件设计
3.1 总体硬件框架
3.2 主控模块电路设计
3.3 气体检测模块电路设计
3.4 温湿度检测模块电路设计
3.5 显示模块电路设计
3.6 按键模块电路设计
3.7 通信模块电路设计
3.8 执行与报警模块电路设计
4 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 一氧化碳检测模块子流程设计
4.4 甲醛检测模块子流程设计
4.5 有害气体检测模块子流程设计
4.6 温湿度检测模块子流程设计
4.7 OLED显示屏子流程设计
4.8 独立按键子流程设计
4.9 GSM发送短信子流程设计
4.10 WiFi模块子流程设计
4.11 声光报警模块子流程设计
5 实物制作与功能测试
5.1 实物制作
5.2 多参数检测及显示功能测试
5.3 声光报警与风扇联动功能测试
5.4 短信预警功能测试
5.5 WiFi 远程交互功能测试
5.6 按键控制功能测试
6 总结
参考文献
致谢
附录A 原理图
附录B PCB
附录C 主程序
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