设计说明书
总字数：15000+
随着智能家居理念的普及和生活品质的提升，便捷化、自动化的家居用品成为改善生活体验的重要需求。传统垃圾桶需手动开盖，易造成手部接触污染，尤其在厨房、卫生间等场景存在卫生隐患；且需人工频繁检查垃圾满溢状态，使用便利性不足。因此，研发一种能自动感应开盖、满溢提醒的智能垃圾桶十分必要。
本设计提出了一种基于 STC89C52 单片机的智能垃圾桶。系统主要功能包括：通过红外避障管 BZ 检测人体靠近，当检测到有人在垃圾桶旁时，自动驱动 ULN2003A 步进电机控制器带动桶盖开启；借助分离式红外对射管 FL 检测垃圾桶内垃圾容量，当垃圾已满时触发蜂鸣器声光报警，报警状态下仅能通过按键 KEY 手动开启桶盖进行清理。
该智能垃圾桶的作用在于，为用户提供了一种卫生、便捷的家居垃圾处理工具。通过自动感应开盖减少接触污染，满溢报警避免垃圾溢出，有效提升家居环境的洁净度与生活便利性。
关键词：单片机；智能垃圾桶；红外感应；满溢检测；自动开盖
STC89C52-Based Intelligent Trash Can
Abstract
With the popularization of smart home concepts and the improvement of living quality, convenient and automated household products have become an important demand for enhancing living experience. Traditional trash cans require manual lid opening, which easily causes hand contact pollution, especially in scenarios such as kitchens and bathrooms, posing hygiene risks; moreover, manual frequent checks of trash fullness are needed, resulting in insufficient usability. Therefore, it is very necessary to develop an intelligent trash can with automatic induction lid opening and fullness reminder functions.
This design proposes an intelligent trash can based on the STC89C52 single-chip microcomputer. The main functions of the system include: detecting human proximity through the infrared obstacle avoidance tube BZ, and when a person is detected beside the trash can, automatically driving the ULN2003A stepper motor controller to open the trash can lid; detecting the trash capacity inside the can with the split infrared through-beam tube FL, triggering a buzzer for audible and visual alarm when the trash is full, and the lid can only be manually opened via the KEY button for cleaning in the alarm state.
The function of this intelligent trash can is to provide users with a hygienic and convenient household waste disposal tool. It reduces contact pollution through automatic induction lid opening and prevents trash overflow through fullness alarm, effectively improving the cleanliness of the home environment and living convenience.
Keywords：Single-chip microcomputer; Intelligent trash can; Infrared induction; Fullness detection; Automatic lid opening
目 录
1 绪论
1.1 研究背景及意义
1.2 国内外研究现状
1.3 主要内容
2 系统总体方案设计
2.1 系统总体设计
2.2 主要模块方案选择
3 系统硬件设计
3.1 总体硬件框架
3.2 主控模块电路设计
3.3 感应检测模块电路设计
3.4 执行模块电路设计
3.5 报警与手动控制模块电路设计
3.6 电源模块电路设计
4 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 红外避障模块子流程设计
4.4 分离式红外开关模块子流程设计
4.5 步进电机子流程设计
4.6 声光报警模块子流程设计
4.7 独立按键子流程设计
5 仿真制作与功能测试
5.1 仿真电路制作
5.2 人体感应自动开盖功能仿真测试
5.3 满溢检测与报警功能仿真测试
5.4 满溢状态手动开盖功能仿真测试
6 实物制作与功能测试
6.1 实物制作
6.2 人体感应自动开盖功能测试
6.3 满溢检测与报警功能测试
6.4 满溢状态手动开盖功能测试
6.5 综合运行功能测试
7 总结
参考文献
致谢
附录A 原理图
附录B PCB
附录C 主程序
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