设计说明书
总字数：18000+
在临床医疗中，输液治疗作为常用的给药方式，其安全性与精准性直接关系到患者的治疗效果与生命健康。当前传统输液模式中，输液瓶液位监测、滴速控制多依赖人工值守，不仅增加了医护人员的工作负担，还易因人为疏忽导致回血、空气栓塞、滴速异常等安全隐患，尤其对于需多瓶连续输液的患者，若无法及时察觉液体耗尽并处理，可能引发严重医疗风险。因此，研发一种能自动监测、精准调控且及时预警的智能输液系统具有重要临床意义。
本设计提出了一种基于 STM32F103C8T6 单片机的智能输液系统。系统主要功能包括：通过 4 个 YW-01D 液位检测模块实时监测各输液瓶内是否有液体；借助 3 个 KEY 按键完成开启输液瓶数量的设定及各瓶滴速的调节；通过 JS 红外计数管采集实际滴速，当检测到滴速偏离设定范围时，由 ULN2003A 步进电机通过挤压或舒张输液管实现精准调速；利用继电器带动夹子模拟输液瓶的启停控制，启动某路输液瓶时，对应继电器断开，其余继电器闭合夹住输液管；当所设置的全部输液瓶液体均耗尽时，系统立即触发声光报警，并通过蓝牙模块发送 “输液瓶液体已挂完，请拔管！” 的提示信息；同时，通过 OLED 显示屏实时展示当前输液状态、各瓶滴速等关键信息。
该智能输液系统的作用在于，为临床提供了一种自动化、精准化的输液管理工具。通过自动监测、智能调控与多维度预警，有效减少了人工干预的失误风险，降低了医护人员的工作强度，保障了输液过程的安全性与稳定性，进一步提升了医疗服务的质量与效率。
关键词：智能输液系统；液位检测；滴速控制；声光报警
Design of Intelligent Infusion System
Abstract
In clinical medicine, infusion therapy, as a commonly used drug administration method, its safety and accuracy are directly related to patients’ treatment effects and life health. In the current traditional infusion mode, the monitoring of infusion bottle liquid level and drip rate control mostly rely on manual on-duty, which not only increases the workload of medical staff, but also easily leads to safety hazards such as blood reflux, air embolism, and abnormal drip rate due to human negligence. Especially for patients who need continuous infusion of multiple bottles, if the liquid exhaustion cannot be detected and handled in time, it may cause serious medical risks. Therefore, it is of great clinical significance to develop an intelligent infusion system that can automatically monitor, accurately regulate and warn in time.
This design proposes an intelligent infusion system based on the STM32F103C8T6 single-chip microcomputer. The main functions of the system include: real-time monitoring of whether there is liquid in each infusion bottle through 4 YW-01D liquid level detection modules; setting the number of opened infusion bottles and adjusting the drip rate of each bottle with 3 KEY buttons; collecting the actual drip rate through JS infrared counting tube, and when the drip rate is detected to deviate from the set range, the ULN2003A stepper motor realizes precise speed regulation by squeezing or relaxing the infusion tube; using relays to drive clips to simulate the start-stop control of infusion bottles—when a certain infusion bottle is started, the corresponding relay is disconnected, and the rest are closed to clamp the infusion tube; when all the liquid in the set infusion bottles is exhausted, the system immediately triggers an audible and visual alarm, and sends the prompt message “The liquid in the infusion bottle has been used up, please remove the tube!” through the Bluetooth module; at the same time, the current infusion status, drip rate of each bottle and other key information are displayed in real time through the OLED display.
The function of this intelligent infusion system is to provide a kind of automatic and precise infusion management tool for clinical practice. Through automatic monitoring, intelligent regulation and multi-dimensional early warning, it effectively reduces the risk of errors caused by manual intervention, lightens the work intensity of medical staff, ensures the safety and stability of the infusion process, and further improves the quality and efficiency of medical services.
Keywords：Single-chip Microcomputer; Intelligent Infusion System; Liquid Level Detection; Drip Rate Control; Audible and Visual Alarm
目 录
1 绪论
1.1 研究背景及意义
1.2 国内外研究现状
1.3 主要内容
2 系统总体方案设计
2.1 系统总体设计
2.2 主要模块方案选择
3 系统硬件设计
3.1 总体硬件框架
3.2 主控模块电路设计
3.3 液位检测模块电路设计
3.4 滴速测量与调控模块电路设计
3.5 输液瓶切换控制模块电路设计
3.6 显示模块电路设计
3.7 按键模块电路设计
3.8 报警与通信模块电路设计
4 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 液位检测模块子流程设计
4.4 红外测速模块子流程设计
4.5 步进电机子流程设计
4.6 OLED显示屏子流程设计
4.7 独立按键子流程设计
4.8 声光报警模块子流程设计
4.9 蓝牙模块子流程设计
5 实物制作与功能测试
5.1 实物制作
5.2 液位检测与输液瓶切换功能测试
5.3 按键设置功能测试
5.4 滴速测量与调控功能测试
5.5 声光报警与蓝牙通信功能测试
5.6 综合显示功能测试
6 总结
参考文献
致谢
附录A 原理图
附录B PCB
附录C 主程序
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