设计说明书
总字数：19000+
随着农业现代化进程的加快，大棚种植对环境参数的精准调控需求日益迫切。适宜的温湿度、光照及土壤湿度条件是保障作物生长、提高产量与品质的关键，传统人工调控方式效率低下且难以实现精准管理。因此，研发一种自动化、智能化的大棚环境控制设备具有重要的现实意义。
本设计提出了一种基于 STC89C52 单片机的大棚环境控制设备。系统主要功能包括：通过 DS1302 模块同步时间并支持按键修正，可依据月份判断季节，且不同季节能设置对应的温湿度、光照、土壤湿度等阈值；借助 DHT11 传感器获取温湿度数据，当数值超出设定范围时，通过继电器驱动加热、制冷、加湿、除湿设备进行调节，温湿度范围可通过按键设定；通过 5516 光敏电阻采集光照值，当低于设定最小值时，触发继电器控制补光设备工作，光照最小值支持按键设定；利用 YL69 土壤湿度检测模块监测土壤湿度，当低于设定最小值时，开启水泵加水直至达到最大值，土壤湿度上下限值可通过按键设定；同时，通过 LCD1602 显示屏实时显示各类环境数据及设备工作状态。
该大棚环境控制设备的作用在于，为大棚种植提供了一种自动化、精准化的环境管理工具。通过对各项环境参数的实时监测与智能调控，能够为作物创造最佳生长环境，减少人工干预成本，提升种植效益，助力农业现代化发展。
关键词：单片机；大棚环境控制；STC89C52；传感器；智能调控
Design of Greenhouse Environment Control Based on Single-Chip Microcomputer
Abstract
With the acceleration of the agricultural modernization process, the demand for precise regulation of environmental parameters in greenhouse planting is increasingly urgent. Suitable temperature, humidity, light and soil moisture conditions are crucial to ensure crop growth and improve yield and quality. The traditional manual regulation method is inefficient and difficult to achieve precise management. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to develop an automatic and intelligent greenhouse environment control equipment.
This design proposes a greenhouse environment control equipment based on STC89C52 single-chip microcomputer. The main functions of the system include: synchronizing time through the DS1302 module and supporting key correction, judging seasons according to months, and setting corresponding thresholds for temperature, humidity, light, soil moisture, etc. in different seasons; obtaining temperature and humidity data through the DHT11 sensor, and when the values exceed the set range, driving heating, cooling, humidification and dehumidification equipment through relays for adjustment, with the temperature and humidity range configurable via keys; collecting light intensity values through the 5516 photoresistor, and when it is lower than the set minimum value, triggering the relay to control the light supplement equipment to work, with the minimum light intensity value configurable via keys; monitoring soil moisture through the YL69 soil moisture detection module, and when it is lower than the set minimum value, turning on the water pump to add water until it reaches the maximum value, with the upper and lower limits of soil moisture configurable via keys; at the same time, real-time displaying various environmental data and equipment working status through the LCD1602 display screen.
The function of this greenhouse environment control equipment is to provide an automatic and precise environmental management tool for greenhouse planting. Through real-time monitoring and intelligent regulation of various environmental parameters, it can create the best growth environment for crops, reduce the cost of manual intervention, improve planting efficiency, and contribute to the development of agricultural modernization.
Key words: Single-chip Microcomputer; Greenhouse Environment Control; STC89C52; Sensor; Intelligent Regulation
目 录
1 绪论
1.1 研究背景及意义
1.2 国内外研究现状
1.3 主要内容
2 系统总体方案设计
2.1 系统总体设计
2.2 主要模块方案选择
3 系统硬件设计
3.1 总体硬件框架
3.2 主控模块电路设计
3.3 时间同步模块电路设计
3.4 温湿度检测模块电路设计
3.5 A/D 转换及光照、土壤湿度采集模块电路设计
3.6 显示模块电路设计
3.7 按键模块电路设计
3.8 继电器驱动模块电路设计
3.9 电源模块电路设计
4 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 时钟模块子流程设计
4.4 温湿度检测模块子流程设计
4.5 光照检测模块子流程设计
4.6 土壤湿度检测模块子流程设计
4.7 LCD1602显示屏子流程设计
4.8 独立按键子流程设计
5 实物制作与功能测试
5.1 实物制作
5.2 时间同步与显示功能测试
5.3 环境参数检测与显示功能测试
5.4 阈值设定功能测试
5.5 温湿度调控功能测试
5.6 光照与土壤湿度调控功能测试
6 总结
参考文献
致谢
附录A 原理图
附录B PCB
附录C 主程序
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