设计说明书
总字数：16000+
随着社会对特殊群体关怀力度的加大，盲人出行安全问题愈发受到关注。盲人因视觉障碍，在出行中易面临障碍物碰撞、光线昏暗环境下被忽视、摔倒后难以及时求助等风险，这些问题不仅影响出行便利性，更可能对其人身安全造成威胁。因此，研发一种集成多维度防护与求助功能的智能盲人拐杖十分必要。
本设计提出一种基于 STM32F103C8T6 单片机的盲人拐杖。系统主要功能包括：通过 HC-R04 超声波模块检测前方距离，当障碍物距离小于 30cm 时触发蜂鸣器报警；借助 3 个 KEY 按键实现双重求助，特定按键触发 CN-TTS 语言播报 “我需要帮助，请帮我一下” 以向路人求救，另一按键通过 SIM900A 模块向家人发送含经纬度的求助短信；通过 MPU6050 模块检测摔倒状态，摔倒后立即发送求助短信、启动 LED 闪烁及蜂鸣器长鸣；利用 5516 光敏电阻检测光照强度，光照过低时点亮警示灯提醒行人和车辆；通过 OLED 显示屏展示使用者姓名、电话及家庭住址信息。
该盲人拐杖的作用在于，为盲人提供了一体化的出行安全辅助工具。通过多场景风险预警与灵活求助方式，有效降低出行危险，提升盲人出行的独立性与安全性，彰显对特殊群体的人文关怀。
关键词：单片机；盲人拐杖；障碍检测；摔倒识别；智能求助
Design of Blind Cane Based on Single-Chip Microcomputer
Abstract
With the increasing concern for special groups in society, the safety of the blind’s travel has attracted more and more attention. Due to visual impairment, the blind are prone to risks such as collision with obstacles, being ignored in dimly lit environments, and difficulty in seeking help in time after falling during travel. These problems not only affect the convenience of travel but also may threaten their personal safety. Therefore, it is very necessary to develop an intelligent blind cane integrated with multi-dimensional protection and help-seeking functions.
This design proposes a blind cane based on the STM32F103C8T6 single-chip microcomputer. The main functions of the system include: detecting the front distance through the HC-R04 ultrasonic module, triggering the buzzer alarm when the obstacle distance is less than 30cm; realizing dual help-seeking through 3 KEY buttons, with a specific button triggering the CN-TTS voice broadcast “I need help, please help me” to ask passers-by for help, and another button sending a help message containing latitude and longitude to family members through the SIM900A module; detecting the fall state through the MPU6050 module, which immediately sends a help message, starts LED flashing and buzzer long beeping after a fall; detecting light intensity with a 5516 photoresistor, and turning on the warning light to remind pedestrians and vehicles when the light is too low; displaying the user’s name, phone number and home address through the OLED display.
The function of this blind cane is to provide an integrated travel safety assistance tool for the blind. Through multi-scene risk early warning and flexible help-seeking methods, it effectively reduces travel risks, improves the independence and safety of the blind’s travel, and demonstrates humanistic care for special groups.
Key words: Single-Chip Microcomputer; Blind Cane; Obstacle Detection; Fall Recognition; Intelligent Help-Seeking
目 录
1 绪论
1.1 研究背景及意义
1.2 国内外研究现状
1.3 主要内容
2 系统总体方案设计
2.1 系统总体设计
2.2 主要模块方案选择
3 系统硬件设计
3.1 总体硬件框架
3.2 主控模块电路设计
3.3 环境感知模块电路设计
3.4 交互与救援模块电路设计
3.5 显示与警示模块电路设计
3.6 电源模块电路设计
4 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 超声波检测模块子流程设计
4.4 MPU6050模块子流程设计
4.5 光照检测模块子流程设计
4.6 独立按键子流程设计
4.7 语音播报模块子流程设计
4.8 GSM发送短信子流程设计
4.9 GPS模块子流程设计
4.10 OLED显示屏子流程设计
4.11 声光报警模块子流程设计
5 实物制作与功能测试
5.1 实物制作
5.2 环境感知功能测试
5.3 交互与救援功能测试
5.4 显示与声光警示功能测试
6 总结
参考文献
致谢
附录A 原理图
附录B PCB
附录C 主程序
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