设计说明书
总字数：15000+
随着人口老龄化程度的加深，独居老人的安全与健康监护问题日益受到社会关注。独居老人在日常生活中可能面临摔倒、突发健康异常等风险，若未能及时发现并获得救助，极易引发严重后果，甚至威胁生命安全。因此，研发一套能够实时监测独居老人安全状态、及时发出求救信号的健康监护系统具有重要现实意义。
本设计提出一种基于 STM32F103C8T6 单片机的独居老人健康监护系统。系统主要功能包括：通过 MPU6050 传感器检测老人是否发生摔倒，一旦检测到摔倒，立即启动风扇并点亮 LED（模拟摔倒防护气囊启动），若摔倒后超过 10 秒老人未站立，系统通过语言播报模块循环播报 “我起不来了，请帮我一下！”（未获得帮助期间每 5 秒播报一次），同时借助 GSM 模块向家人发送求救短信；通过心率检测模块实时监测老人心率值；配备按键供老人在需要时一键呼救，触发 CN-TTS 语言播报模块播报 “我需要帮助，请帮我一下”；通过 OLED 显示屏实时显示老人心率数值，方便老人及监护人查看。
该独居老人健康监护系统的作用在于，为独居老人提供了全方位、实时化的安全与健康监测保障。通过对摔倒风险的及时识别、心率的持续监测以及便捷的一键呼救功能，能够在老人面临危险或需要帮助时快速发出信号，为及时救助争取时间，有效降低独居老人的安全风险，保障其生命健康，也为家人提供了安心的监护手段。
关键词：单片机；独居老人；健康监护系统；摔倒检测；心率监测；GSM 求救
Design of Health Monitoring System for Elderly Living Alone
Abstract
With the deepening of population aging, the safety and health monitoring of elderly people living alone has attracted increasing social attention. Elderly people living alone may face risks such as falls and sudden health abnormalities in their daily lives. If these risks are not detected and rescued in a timely manner, they are likely to lead to serious consequences, even threatening life safety. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to develop a health monitoring system that can real-time monitor the safety status of elderly people living alone and send out distress signals in a timely manner.
This design proposes a health monitoring system for elderly living alone based on the STM32F103C8T6 single-chip microcomputer. The main functions of the system include: detecting whether the elderly have fallen through the MPU6050 sensor; once a fall is detected, the fan is started immediately and the LED is lit (simulating the activation of the fall protection airbag); if the elderly do not stand up within 10 seconds after the fall, the system will cyclically broadcast “I can’t get up, please help me!” through the voice broadcast module (broadcasting every 5 seconds when no help is received), and at the same time send a distress message to the family through the GSM module; real-time monitoring of the elderly’s heart rate through the heart rate detection module; equipping a button for the elderly to call for help with one click when needed, triggering the CN-TTS voice broadcast module to broadcast “I need help, please help me”; real-time display of the elderly’s heart rate value through the OLED display screen, facilitating the elderly and guardians to check.
The role of this health monitoring system for elderly living alone is to provide comprehensive and real-time safety and health monitoring protection for elderly people living alone. Through timely identification of fall risks, continuous monitoring of heart rate, and convenient one-click help function, it can quickly send out signals when the elderly are in danger or need help, gain time for timely rescue, effectively reduce the safety risks of elderly people living alone, protect their lives and health, and also provide a reassuring monitoring method for family members.
Key words: Single-chip microcomputer; Elderly living alone; Health monitoring system; Fall detection; Heart rate monitoring; GSM distress
目 录
1 绪论
1.1 研究背景及意义
1.2 国内外研究现状
1.3 主要内容
2 系统总体方案设计
2.1 系统总体设计
2.2 主要模块方案选择
3 系统硬件设计
3.1 总体硬件框架
3.2 主控模块电路设计
3.3 摔倒检测模块电路设计
3.4 心率检测模块电路设计
3.5 显示模块电路设计
3.6 按键模块电路设计
3.7 防护与语音播报模块电路设计
3.8 GSM 通信模块电路设计
4 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 MPU6050模块子流程设计
4.4 心率血氧模块子流程设计
4.5 OLED显示屏子流程设计
4.6 独立按键子流程设计
4.7 语音播报模块子流程设计
4.8 GSM发送短信子流程设计
5 实物制作与功能测试
5.1 实物制作
5.2 摔倒检测与防护联动功能测试
5.3 心率检测与显示功能测试
5.4 一键呼救功能测试
6 总结
参考文献
致谢
附录A 原理图
附录B PCB
附录C 主程序
购买后可查看具体内容！