设计说明书
总字数：17000+
随着人们生活方式的转变，久坐办公、居家休闲已成为常态，长时间固定坐姿易引发腰椎劳损、血液循环不畅等健康问题，同时室内环境温湿度的不适也会影响人体舒适度。因此，研发一款兼具健康监测、环境调节与智能控制功能的座椅，对提升人们生活质量具有重要意义。
本设计提出一种基于 STM32F103C8T6 单片机的智能座椅。系统核心功能包括：通过 HX711 重量检测模块判断是否有人就坐，若就坐时长超过设定最大值，CN-TTS 语音模块将自动提醒 “请劳逸结合，注意起身运动”；借助 DHT11 温湿度检测模块实时采集环境数据，当温度超出设定范围时，通过继电器控制加热或散热设备启动；支持 3 个 KEY 按键操作，可实现时长设定、温度上下限调整、加热 / 散热手动控制及模式切换；通过 OLED 显示屏直观展示重量、时长、温湿度等测量数据；搭载蓝牙模块，可将坐下时长、温湿度数据传输至手机端，同时手机端能远程控制加热、散热及模式切换；集成 SU-03T 语音识别模块，可通过语音指令控制加热、散热功能及按摩部位选择；配置电机驱动的按摩机构（对应三个不同按摩部位，由继电器控制），按摩功能也可通过手机或语音进行操控。
该智能座椅的应用价值在于，将健康监测、环境适配与多模态智能控制相结合，为用户提供了便捷、舒适且兼具健康关怀的座椅使用体验，既能提醒用户避免久坐危害，又能自动调节环境温度，还支持多样化控制方式，有效满足了现代人群对智能家居产品的需求。
关键词：STM32 单片机；智能座椅；重量检测；温湿度调节；语音识别；蓝牙控制
Design of Intelligent Seat Based on STM32
Abstract
With the transformation of people’s lifestyle, prolonged sitting during work and home leisure has become the norm. Maintaining a fixed sitting posture for a long time is likely to cause health problems such as lumbar strain and poor blood circulation. At the same time, uncomfortable indoor temperature and humidity will also affect human comfort. Therefore, developing a seat with the functions of health monitoring, environment adjustment and intelligent control is of great significance for improving people’s quality of life.
This design proposes an intelligent seat based on the STM32F103C8T6 single-chip microcomputer. The core functions of the system include: using the HX711 weight detection module to determine whether someone is sitting on the seat. If the sitting duration exceeds the set maximum value, the CN-TTS voice module will automatically remind “Please balance work and rest, and pay attention to getting up and exercising”; real-time collection of environmental data through the DHT11 temperature and humidity detection module. When the temperature is out of the set range, the heating or heat dissipation equipment is controlled to start through the relay; 3 KEY buttons are supported for operation, which can realize duration setting, temperature upper and lower limit adjustment, manual control of heating/heat dissipation and mode switching; the OLED display screen is used to intuitively display measurement data such as weight, duration, temperature and humidity; a Bluetooth module is equipped to transmit sitting duration, temperature and humidity data to the mobile phone terminal, and the mobile phone terminal can remotely control heating, heat dissipation and mode switching; the SU-03T voice recognition module is integrated, which can control heating, heat dissipation functions and massage part selection through voice commands; a massage mechanism driven by a motor is configured (corresponding to three different massage parts, controlled by relays), and the massage function can also be controlled by mobile phone or voice.
The application value of this intelligent seat lies in combining health monitoring, environment adaptation and multi-modal intelligent control, providing users with a convenient, comfortable and health-care seat experience. It can not only remind users to avoid the harm of prolonged sitting, but also automatically adjust the ambient temperature, and support diversified control methods, effectively meeting the needs of modern people for smart home products.
Keywords:STM32 Single-Chip Microcomputer; Intelligent Seat; Weight Detection; Temperature and Humidity Regulation; Voice Recognition; Bluetooth Control
目 录
1 绪论
2 系统总体方案设计
2.1 系统总体设计
2.2 主要模块方案选择
3 系统硬件设计
3.1 总体硬件框架
3.2 主控模块电路设计
3.3 重量检测模块电路设计
3.4 温湿度检测模块电路设计
3.5 显示模块电路设计
3.6 按键模块电路设计
3.7 语音模块电路设计
3.8 蓝牙模块电路设计
3.9 继电器控制模块电路设计
3.10 电源模块电路设计
4 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 称重模块子流程设计
4.4 温湿度检测模块子流程设计
4.5 OLED显示屏子流程设计
4.6 独立按键子流程设计
4.7 语音播报模块子流程设计
4.8 语音识别模块子流程设计
4.9 蓝牙模块子流程设计
5 实物制作与功能测试
5.1 实物制作
5.2 重量检测与久坐语音提醒功能测试
5.3 温湿度检测与温控功能测试
5.4 按键设置与 OLED 显示功能测试
5.5 蓝牙通信与手机控制功能测试
5.6 语音识别与按摩控制功能测试
6 总结
参考文献
致谢
附录A 原理图
附录B PCB
附录C 主程序
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