设计说明书
总字数：16000+
在校园环境治理精细化与智能化发展的背景下，垃圾分类管理的效率与便捷性成为提升校园环境质量的关键环节。传统垃圾桶依赖人工分拣与清运监管，不仅效率低下，还难以满足实时化、精准化的管理需求。因此，研发一种融合自动分类与智能监管功能的校园垃圾桶设备具有重要现实意义。
本设计提出一种基于 STM32F103C8T6 单片机的 NB-IoT 校园智能垃圾桶。系统核心功能包括：通过 SU-03T 语音识别模块识别垃圾类别，驱动对应 SG90 舵机开启可回收垃圾、厨余垃圾、有害垃圾、其他垃圾的桶盖；借助 KHRGB-01 红外线模块自动识别人体并开启目标桶盖；通过 FL 分离式红外线传感器管检测垃圾填充状态，未满时亮绿灯提示，装满则亮红灯预警，同时经 NB-IoT 模块将满溢信息推送至管理员手机；所有设备运行数据通过 NB-IoT 技术实时上传至云平台。
该智能垃圾桶为校园垃圾分类管理提供了高效解决方案，既通过语音与红外双重触发方式提升了用户投放便捷性，又借助云平台与手机端联动实现了垃圾桶状态的实时监控与精准清运，有效降低了管理成本，助力校园环境智能化建设。
关键词：NB-IoT；STM32 单片机；智能垃圾桶；垃圾分类；云平台
Design and Implementation of NB-IoT-based Campus Intelligent Trash Can
Abstract
Against the backdrop of the refined and intelligent development of campus environmental governance, the efficiency and convenience of waste classification management have become key links in improving the quality of the campus environment. Traditional trash cans rely on manual sorting and transportation supervision, which is not only inefficient but also difficult to meet the real-time and precise management needs. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to develop a campus trash can device integrating automatic classification and intelligent supervision functions.
This design proposes an NB-IoT-based campus intelligent trash can based on the STM32F103C8T6 single-chip microcomputer. The core functions of the system include: identifying waste categories through the SU-03T voice recognition module, driving the corresponding SG90 servo to open the lids of recyclable waste, kitchen waste, hazardous waste, and other waste bins; using the KHRGB-01 infrared module to automatically identify human bodies and open the target trash can lid; detecting the waste filling status through the FL separate infrared sensor tube, which turns on the green light when not full and the red light for early warning when full, and at the same time pushes the overflow information to the administrator’s mobile phone through the NB-IoT module; all equipment operation data are uploaded to the cloud platform in real time via NB-IoT technology.
The intelligent trash can provides an efficient solution for campus waste classification management. It not only improves the convenience of users’ disposal through dual triggering methods of voice and infrared, but also realizes real-time monitoring and precise transportation of the trash can status through the linkage between the cloud platform and the mobile terminal, effectively reducing management costs and contributing to the intelligent construction of the campus environment.
Key words: NB-IoT; STM32 Single-Chip Microcomputer; Intelligent Trash Can; Waste Classification; Cloud Platform
目 录
1 绪论
1.1 研究背景及意义
1.2 国内外研究现状
1.3 主要内容
2 系统总体方案设计
2.1 系统总体设计
2.2 主要模块方案选择
3 系统硬件设计
3.1 总体硬件框架
3.2 主控模块电路设计
3.3 舵机驱动模块电路设计
3.4 语音识别模块电路设计
3.5 人体感应模块电路设计
3.6 垃圾填充检测模块电路设计
3.7 NB-IoT 通信模块电路设计
3.8 按键模块电路设计
3.9 电源模块电路设计
4 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 舵机子流程设计
4.4 语音识别模块子流程设计
4.5 人体感应模块子流程设计
4.6 分离式红外开关模块子流程设计
4.7 NB-IOT模块联网子流程设计
4.8 独立按键子流程设计
5 实物制作与功能测试
5.1 实物制作
5.2 语音识别触发开盖功能测试
5.3 红外线感应触发开盖功能测试
5.4 垃圾填充检测与状态反馈功能测试
5.5 远程管控与数据上传功能测试
5.6 本地按键控制功能测试
6 总结
参考文献
致谢
附录A 原理图
附录B PCB
附录C 主程序
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