设计说明书
总字数：15000+
在寒冷季节，暖手宝作为便捷的保暖设备，广泛应用于日常出行、办公学习等场景。传统暖手宝多采用固定温度加热模式，缺乏温度调节与安全保护功能，易因温度过高引发烫伤风险，且无法满足用户对不同保暖需求的个性化调节。同时，随着智能设备的普及，用户对暖手宝的智能化交互（如远程控制、数据查看）及附加实用功能（如手机充电）需求日益增加。因此，研发一款兼具温度智能控制、安全保护、智能交互及附加充电功能的暖手宝具有重要实用价值。
本设计提出一种基于 STC89C52 单片机的暖手宝。系统主要功能包括：通过 DS18B20 温度传感器实时测量暖手宝温度值，当温度低于设定最小值时，启动继电器控制加热模块，直至温度达到设定最大值，且温度上下限可通过 3 个 KEY 按键手动设置；通过 KEY 按键还可设定危险温度阈值，当测量温度高于该阈值时，系统触发声光报警，并自动断开加热继电器以保障安全；通过 LCD1602 显示屏实时显示当前测量温度、设定温度上下限及危险温度值；借助蓝牙模块将温度数据发送至手机端，同时支持手机端远程控制加热开关；预留 USB 接口，可为手机端提供充电服务，且整个系统采用锂电池供电，通过充放电一体模块实现电池的充电与放电管理。
该暖手宝的作用在于，为用户提供了一款安全、智能且多功能的保暖设备。通过智能温度控制与安全保护机制，有效避免温度过高带来的安全隐患；智能交互功能方便用户远程监测与控制；附加充电功能提升了设备实用性，满足用户多场景使用需求，为寒冷季节的日常保暖提供便捷保障。
关键词：STC89C52 单片机；暖手宝；温度控制；安全保护；蓝牙交互；USB 充电
Design and Implementation of a Hand Warmer
Abstract
In cold seasons, hand warmers, as convenient heating devices, are widely used in daily travel, office work, study and other scenarios. Traditional hand warmers mostly adopt a fixed-temperature heating mode, lacking temperature adjustment and safety protection functions. They are prone to scalding risks due to excessive temperature and cannot meet users’ personalized adjustment needs for different heating requirements. At the same time, with the popularization of intelligent devices, users have increasing demands for intelligent interaction (such as remote control and data viewing) and additional practical functions (such as mobile phone charging) of hand warmers. Therefore, it is of great practical value to develop a hand warmer with intelligent temperature control, safety protection, intelligent interaction and additional charging functions.
This design proposes a hand warmer based on the STC89C52 single-chip microcomputer. The main functions of the system include: real-time measurement of the hand warmer’s temperature through the DS18B20 temperature sensor; when the temperature is lower than the set minimum value, the relay is activated to control the heating module until the temperature reaches the set maximum value, and the upper and lower temperature limits can be manually set through three KEY buttons; a dangerous temperature threshold can also be set via the KEY buttons; when the measured temperature is higher than this threshold, the system triggers an audible and visual alarm and automatically turns off the heating relay to ensure safety; the current measured temperature, set upper and lower temperature limits and dangerous temperature value are displayed in real time through the LCD1602 display; the temperature data is sent to the mobile phone via the Bluetooth module, and the mobile phone also supports remote control of the heating switch; a USB interface is reserved to provide charging service for the mobile phone. In addition, the entire system is powered by a lithium battery, and the charging and discharging of the battery are managed through an integrated charging and discharging module.
The role of this hand warmer is to provide users with a safe, intelligent and multi-functional heating device. Through the intelligent temperature control and safety protection mechanism, it effectively avoids safety hazards caused by excessive temperature; the intelligent interaction function facilitates users to remotely monitor and control; the additional charging function enhances the practicality of the device, meets users’ needs in multiple scenarios, and provides convenient protection for daily heating in cold seasons.
Key words: STC89C52 single-chip microcomputer; Hand warmer; Temperature control; Safety protection; Bluetooth interaction; USB charging
目 录
1 绪论
1.1 研究背景及意义
1.2 国内外研究现状
1.3 主要内容
2 系统总体方案设计
2.1 系统总体设计
2.2 主要模块方案选择
3 系统硬件设计
3.1 总体硬件框架
3.2 主控模块电路设计
3.3 温度检测模块电路设计
3.4 按键模块电路设计
3.5 显示模块电路设计
3.6 加热与报警模块电路设计
3.7 蓝牙通信模块电路设计
3.8 电源与 USB 充电模块电路设计
4 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 温度检测模块子流程设计
4.4 独立按键子流程设计
4.5 LCD1602显示屏子流程设计
4.6 声光报警模块子流程设计
4.7 蓝牙模块子流程设计
5 实物制作与功能测试
5.1 实物制作
5.2 温度控制与阈值设置功能测试
5.3 危险温度报警功能测试
5.4 蓝牙通信与手机控制功能测试
5.5 USB 充电与电源续航功能测试
6 总结
参考文献
致谢
附录A 原理图
附录B PCB
附录C 主程序
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