设计说明书
总字数：16000+
在垃圾分类政策深入推进与智慧生活理念普及的背景下，传统垃圾桶分类引导不足、满溢管控滞后等问题日益凸显，既影响环境整洁，也降低了垃圾分类实施效率。尤其在家庭、办公等场景中，便捷的分类投放与及时的清运提醒需求愈发迫切。因此，研发一种兼具智能引导与状态预警功能的垃圾桶设备具有重要现实意义。
本设计提出一种基于 STM32F103C8T6 单片机的智能语音垃圾桶。系统主要功能包括：通过 4 个 SG90 舵机分别驱动可回收垃圾、厨余垃圾、有害垃圾、其他垃圾的桶盖开合；借助 SU-03T 语音识别模块识别垃圾类别，自动开启对应桶盖；通过红外对管检测垃圾填充状态，未满时亮绿灯提示，满溢则亮红灯预警，同时经蓝牙将满溢信息推送至管理员手机；通过红外避障与按键一体模块实现双重触发控制，检测到人手靠近或按下按键时，可手动或自动开启桶盖。
该智能语音垃圾桶为垃圾分类提供了便捷高效的解决方案，通过语音与红外的智能交互提升投放便利性，借助状态监测与蓝牙报警保障清运及时性，有助于培养分类习惯、改善环境质量，具有较强的实用价值。
关键词：STM32 单片机；智能语音垃圾桶；垃圾分类；红外检测；蓝牙报警
STM32-Based Intelligent Voice Trash Can
Abstract
Against the backdrop of the in-depth advancement of waste classification policies and the popularization of smart living concepts, problems such as insufficient classification guidance and delayed overflow control of traditional trash cans have become increasingly prominent, which not only affects environmental cleanliness but also reduces the efficiency of waste classification implementation. Especially in scenarios such as households and offices, the demand for convenient classification and disposal as well as timely waste collection reminders has become increasingly urgent. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to develop a trash can device with both intelligent guidance and status early warning functions.
This design proposes an intelligent voice trash can based on the STM32F103C8T6 single-chip microcomputer. The main functions of the system include: four SG90 servos are used to drive the lid opening and closing of recyclable waste, kitchen waste, hazardous waste, and other waste bins respectively; the SU-03T voice recognition module is used to identify waste categories and automatically open the corresponding bin lid; infrared pair tubes are used to detect the waste filling status, with a green light indicating insufficient filling and a red light for overflow warning, while overflow information is pushed to the administrator’s mobile phone via Bluetooth; an integrated module of infrared obstacle avoidance and buttons realizes dual-trigger control, which can manually or automatically open the bin lid when a human hand is detected nearby or the button is pressed.
This intelligent voice trash can provides a convenient and efficient solution for waste classification. It improves the convenience of disposal through intelligent interaction between voice and infrared, and ensures the timeliness of waste collection through status monitoring and Bluetooth alarm. It helps cultivate classification habits and improve environmental quality, with strong practical value.
Key words: STM32 Single-Chip Microcomputer; Intelligent Voice Trash Can; Waste Classification; Infrared Detection; Bluetooth Alarm
目 录
1 绪论
1.1 研究背景及意义
1.2 国内外研究现状
1.3 主要内容
2 系统总体方案设计
2.1 系统总体设计
2.2 主要模块方案选择
3 系统硬件设计
3.1 总体硬件框架
3.2 主控模块电路设计
3.3 舵机驱动模块电路设计
3.4 语音识别模块电路设计
3.5 人体感应模块电路设计
3.6 垃圾填充检测模块电路设计
3.7 蓝牙通信模块电路设计
3.8 按键模块电路设计
3.9 电源模块电路设计
4 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 舵机子流程设计
4.4 语音识别模块子流程设计
4.5 人体感应模块子流程设计
4.6 分离式红外开关模块子流程设计
4.7 蓝牙模块子流程设计
4.8 独立按键子流程设计
5 实物制作与功能测试
5.1 实物制作
5.2 语音识别触发开盖功能测试
5.3 红外线感应触发开盖功能测试
5.4 垃圾填充检测与状态反馈功能测试
5.5 远程管控与数据上传功能测试
5.6 本地按键控制功能测试
6 总结
参考文献
致谢
附录A 原理图
附录B PCB
附录C 主程序
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