设计说明书
总字数：16000+
在城市化进程加速与 “双碳” 目标推进的背景下，传统路灯 “长亮式” 控制模式存在严重的能源浪费问题，且缺乏故障自动监测能力，增加了运维成本。路灯作为城市公共设施的重要组成部分，其智能化管控对降低能源消耗、提升运维效率具有重要意义。因此，研发一种兼具节能控制与故障预警功能的路灯自动控制系统十分必要。
本设计提出一种基于 STC89C52 单片机的路灯自动控制系统。系统主要功能包括：通过 D203S 热释电感应模块检测人或车经过信号，作为路灯开启的前置条件；借助 5516 光敏电阻光照检测模块采集环境光照值，光照低于最大值时触发继电器开灯，在最大与最小值区间内自动调节亮度，低于最小值时以最亮模式运行，且光照阈值可通过 KEY 按键手动设置；通过备用光照检测模块监测路灯运行状态，开灯状态下模块未触发则判定灯具损坏，启动蜂鸣器报警；通过 DS1302 模块获取实时时间，支持按键修正时间，可预设开灯时间区间，仅在区间内允许路灯开启；通过 LCD1602 显示屏实时显示当前时间与光照值。
该路灯自动控制系统为城市道路照明提供了智能化解决方案，通过 “时间 + 光照 + 人体感应” 三重条件联动控制实现精准节能，同时借助故障自动报警降低运维成本，对推动城市智慧照明建设具有实用价值。
关键词：STC89C52 单片机；路灯自动控制；光照检测；人体感应；故障报警
Design of Automatic Street Light Control System
Abstract
Against the backdrop of accelerated urbanization and the advancement of the “dual carbon” goals, the traditional “always-on” control mode of street lights has serious energy waste problems and lacks automatic fault monitoring capabilities, increasing operation and maintenance costs. As an important part of urban public facilities, the intelligent management and control of street lights is of great significance for reducing energy consumption and improving operation and maintenance efficiency. Therefore, it is very necessary to develop an automatic street light control system with both energy-saving control and fault early warning functions.
This design proposes an automatic street light control system based on the STC89C52 single-chip microcomputer. The main functions of the system include: detecting the signal of people or vehicles passing through via the D203S pyroelectric induction module, which serves as the precondition for turning on the street lights; collecting ambient light intensity values through the 5516 photoresistor light detection module—when the light intensity is lower than the set maximum value, the relay is triggered to turn on the lights; the brightness is automatically adjusted between the maximum and minimum values, and the lights operate at the brightest mode when the light intensity is lower than the set minimum value, with the light intensity thresholds configurable manually via KEY buttons; monitoring the operating status of street lights through a backup light detection module—if the module is not triggered when the lights are on, the lamp is judged to be damaged, and the buzzer is activated for alarm; obtaining real-time time through the DS1302 module, supporting time correction via buttons, and allowing preset lighting time intervals, during which the street lights are only permitted to turn on; displaying the current time and light intensity values in real-time through the LCD1602 display screen.
This automatic street light control system provides an intelligent solution for urban road lighting. It achieves precise energy conservation through the linkage control of three conditions: time, light intensity, and human induction. Meanwhile, it reduces operation and maintenance costs by means of automatic fault alarm, which has practical value for promoting the construction of urban smart lighting.
Key words: STC89C52 Single-Chip Microcomputer; Automatic Street Light Control; Light Intensity Detection; Human Induction; Fault Alarm
目 录
1 绪论
1.1 研究背景及意义
1.2 国内外研究现状
1.3 主要内容
2 系统总体方案设计
2.1 系统总体设计
2.2 主要模块方案选择
3 系统硬件设计
3.1 总体硬件框架
3.2 主控模块电路设计
3.3 人体感应模块电路设计
3.4 光照检测模块电路设计
3.5 时间模块电路设计
3.6 显示模块电路设计
3.7 按键模块电路设计
3.8 执行与报警模块电路设计
3.9 电源模块电路设计
4 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 人体热释电感应模块子流程设计
4.4 光照检测模块子流程设计
4.5 时钟模块子流程设计
4.6 LCD1602显示屏子流程设计
4.7 独立按键子流程设计
4.8 声光报警模块子流程设计
5 实物制作与功能测试
5.1 实物制作
5.2 时间控制与参数配置功能测试
5.3 人体感应与光照联动控制功能测试
5.4 路灯故障检测与报警功能测试
5.5 显示功能测试
6 总结
参考文献
致谢
附录A 原理图
附录B PCB
附录C 主程序
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