设计说明书
总字数：22000+
摘要
随着规模化养猪产业的发展，仔猪保育阶段的生长环境与喂养管理对其成活率、生长速度至关重要。传统仔猪保育栏依赖人工巡检调控温湿度、光照、氨气浓度及定时喂食，存在调控滞后、人工成本高、参数监测不精准等问题，易导致仔猪应激反应，影响养殖效益。因此，研发一种能自动监测环境参数、智能调控设备且支持远程管理的智能仔猪保育栏十分必要。
本设计提出了一种基于 STM32F103C8T6 单片机的物联网智能仔猪保育栏。系统主要功能包括：通过 DHT11 检测温湿度，温度大于设置最大值时继电器控制制冷片降温，小于设置最小值时继电器控制加热片升温，湿度大于设置最大值时继电器控制风扇除湿；通过 5516 光照模块检测光照值，小于设置最小值时三极管控制 LED 灯补光；通过 MQ-135 监测氨气，浓度大于设置最大值时继电器控制风扇通风；设置定时喂食间隔，时间到时继电器启动电机打开投放门，达到设定喂食时间后停止并触发蜂鸣器报警；用户可通过按键设置各参数阈值；通过 OLED 显示温湿度、光照、氨气浓度等测量数据；通过 ESP8266-12F WiFi 联网，将测量数据发送到手机端，手机端可控制继电器开关、设置各阈值及喂食间隔时间。
该基于物联网的智能仔猪保育栏的作用在于，为仔猪保育提供了自动化、智能化的养殖管理工具。通过实时监测环境参数、自动调控设备及远程管理，能精准维持适宜的保育环境，减少人工干预，保障仔猪健康生长，提升养殖效率与经济效益。
关键词：STM32F103C8T6；仔猪保育栏；传感器；ESP8266-12F
Intelligent piglet care pen based on the Internet of Things
Abstract
With the development of large-scale pig farming industry, the growth environment and feeding management during the piglet conservation stage are crucial for their survival rate and growth rate. Traditional piglet care pens rely on manual inspection to regulate temperature and humidity, light, ammonia concentration, and timed feeding, which leads to problems such as lagging regulation, high labor costs, and inaccurate parameter monitoring, which can easily cause stress reactions in piglets and affect breeding efficiency. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an intelligent piglet nursery that can automatically monitor environmental parameters, intelligently regulate equipment, and support remote management.
This design proposes an IoT intelligent piglet care pen based on STM32F103C8T6 microcontroller. The main functions of the system include: detecting temperature and humidity through DHT11. When the temperature is above the set maximum value, the relay controls the cooling plate to cool down. When it is below the set minimum value, the relay controls the heating plate to heat up. When the humidity is above the set maximum value, the relay controls the fan to dehumidify; Detect the lighting value through the 5516 lighting module, and when it is less than the set minimum value, the transistor controls the LED light to supplement the light; Monitor ammonia gas through MQ-135, and control the fan ventilation with a relay when the concentration exceeds the set maximum value; Set a timed feeding interval, and when the time is up, the relay will start the motor to open the feeding door. When the set feeding time is reached, it will stop and trigger the buzzer alarm; Users can set the threshold values for various parameters by pressing the keys; Display measurement data such as temperature, humidity, lighting, and ammonia concentration through OLED; Through ESP8266-12F WiFi networking, the measurement data is sent to the mobile phone, which can control the relay switch, set various thresholds, and feed interval time.
The role of this IoT based intelligent piglet care pen is to provide automated and intelligent breeding management tools for piglet care. By real-time monitoring of environmental parameters, automatic control of equipment, and remote management, it is possible to accurately maintain a suitable conservation environment, reduce manual intervention, ensure healthy growth of piglets, and improve breeding efficiency and economic benefits.
Keywords：STM32F103C8T6; Piglet conservation pen; Sensors; ESP8266-12F
目 录
1 绪论
1.1 研究背景及意义
1.2 国内外研究现状
1.3 主要内容
2 系统总体方案设计
2.1系统总体设计
2.2 主要模块方案选择
3 系统硬件设计
3.1 总体硬件框架
3.2 主控模块电路设计
3.3 温湿度检测模块电路设计
3.4 光照检测模块电路设计
3.5 氨气检测模块电路设计
3.6 继电器控制模块电路设计
3.7 LED 补光模块电路设计
3.8 报警模块电路设计
3.9 显示模块电路设计
3.10 按键模块电路设计
3.11 WiFi 通信模块电路设计
4 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 独立按键
4.4 温湿度检测模块子流程
4.5 光照检测模块子流程设计
4.6 氨气检测模块子流程设计
4.7 OLED显示流程设计
4.8 WiFi模块子流程设计
5 实物制作与功能测试
5.1 实物制作
5.2 温湿度检测与自动调控功能测试
5.3 光照检测与 LED 补光功能测试
5.4 氨气检测与通风功能测试
5.5 定时喂食与报警功能测试
5.6 按键设置与 OLED 显示功能测试
5.7 WiFi 通信与远程控制功能测试
6 总结
参考文献
致谢
附录A 原理图
附录B PCB
附录C 主程序
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