设计说明书
总字数：21000+
摘要
随着环保意识的提升，旧衣回收箱作为资源循环利用的重要设施，已广泛分布于社区、校园等公共区域。然而，旧衣回收箱在使用过程中面临火灾隐患（如内部衣物堆积发热、外部火源引燃）、容量超限（导致衣物溢出、回收效率降低）、超重损坏（影响设备使用寿命）等问题，若不能及时监测与处理，不仅会造成资源浪费，还可能引发安全事故，威胁公共环境安全。因此，研发一种能实时监测旧衣回收箱安全状态、自动预警并联动处置的系统十分必要。
本设计提出了一种基于 STM32F103C8T6 单片机的旧衣回收箱安全监测系统。系统主要功能包括：通过 MQ-2 烟雾传感器检测回收箱内烟雾值，当烟雾值大于设置最大值时，触发声光报警，继电器控制开启水泵，并通过 SIM900A GSM 模块发送短信 “旧衣回收箱发生火灾，请速速查看”；通过 DS18B20 温度传感器检测回收箱内温度值，当温度值大于设置最大值时，启动声光报警与水泵，同时通过 SIM900A 发送短信 “旧衣回收箱温度过高，请速速查看”；通过 HC-R04 超声波传感器检测回收箱内剩余余量，当剩余余量小于设置最小值时，触发声光报警，通过 ULN2003A 驱动步进电机反转关闭入口，并通过 SIM900A 发送短信 “旧衣回收箱已满，请速速查看”；通过 HX711 重量传感器检测回收箱内重量值，当重量值大于设置最大值时，启动声光报警与入口关闭操作，同时通过 SIM900A 发送短信 “旧衣回收箱超重，请速速查看”；用户可通过按键设置烟雾浓度、温度、距离、重量的阈值；通过 OLED 显示屏显示各测量数据（均保留 1 位小数）。
该旧衣回收箱安全监测系统的作用在于，为旧衣回收箱的日常管理提供了一种实时、智能、高效的安全保障方案。通过多维度监测、自动预警与联动处置，能够及时发现并缓解安全隐患，减少人工巡检成本，保障回收箱稳定运行，提升旧衣回收的安全性与效率，助力资源循环利用体系的完善。
关键词：STM32F103C8T6；旧衣回收；传感器；SIM900A
Design of Safety Monitoring System for Old Clothes Recycling Box Based on STM32
Abstract
With the increasing awareness of environmental protection, old clothing recycling bins, as important facilities for resource recycling, have been widely distributed in public areas such as communities and campuses. However, the old clothing recycling bin faces fire hazards during use (such as internal clothing accumulation heating, external fire source ignition), capacity overload (causing clothing overflow and reduced recycling efficiency), overweight damage (affecting equipment service life), and other problems. If not monitored and handled in a timely manner, it not only causes resource waste, but also may lead to safety accidents, threatening public environmental safety. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a system that can monitor the safety status of the old clothing recycling bin in real time, automatically warn and coordinate disposal.
This design proposes a safety monitoring system for old clothing recycling bins based on STM32F103C8T6 microcontroller. The main functions of the system include: detecting the smoke value in the recycling box through the MQ-2 smoke sensor. When the smoke value is greater than the set maximum value, an audible and visual alarm is triggered. The relay controls the water pump to turn on, and sends a text message through the SIM900A GSM module saying “The old clothes recycling box has caught fire, please check quickly”; Detect the temperature value inside the recycling box through DS18B20 temperature sensor. When the temperature value is greater than the set maximum value, activate the sound and light alarm and water pump. At the same time, send a text message through SIM900A saying “The temperature of the old clothes recycling box is too high, please check quickly”; By using HC-R04 ultrasonic sensor to detect the remaining amount in the recycling box, when the remaining amount is less than the set minimum value, an audible and visual alarm is triggered. The ULN2003A drives the stepper motor to reverse and close the entrance, and sends a text message through SIM900A saying “The old clothes recycling box is full, please check quickly”; By using the HX711 weight sensor to detect the weight value inside the recycling box, when the weight value is greater than the set maximum value, the sound and light alarm and entrance closing operation will be activated. At the same time, a text message will be sent through SIM900A saying “The old clothes recycling box is overweight, please check quickly”; Users can set thresholds for smoke concentration, temperature, distance, and weight through buttons; Display each measurement data on an OLED display screen (all rounded to one decimal place).
The function of the safety monitoring system for the old clothes recycling bin is to provide a real-time, intelligent, and efficient security solution for the daily management of the old clothes recycling bin. Through multi-dimensional monitoring, automatic warning, and coordinated disposal, safety hazards can be detected and alleviated in a timely manner, reducing manual inspection costs, ensuring stable operation of recycling bins, improving the safety and efficiency of old clothing recycling, and helping to improve the resource recycling system.
Keywords： STM32F103C8T6; Recycling of old clothes; Sensors; SIM900A
目 录
1 绪论
1.1 研究背景及意义
1.2 国内外研究现状
1.3 主要内容
2 系统总体方案设计
2.1系统总体设计
2.2 主要模块方案选择
3 系统硬件设计
3.1 总体硬件框架
3.2 主控模块电路设计
3.3 烟雾检测模块电路设计
3.4 温度检测模块电路设计
3.5 余量检测模块电路设计
3.6 重量检测模块电路设计
3.7 声光报警模块电路设计
3.8 执行模块电路设计
3.9 远程通知模块电路设计
3.10 显示与按键模块电路设计
4 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 主机系统主流程设计
4.3 独立按键
4.4 温度检测模块子流程
4.5 烟雾检测模块子流程设计
4.6 超声波检测模块子流程
4.7 称重模块HX711模块子流程
4.8 步进电机子流程
4.9 OLED显示流程设计
4.10 GSM模块子流程设计
4.11 声光报警模块子流程设计
5 实物制作与功能测试
5.1 实物制作
5.2 烟雾检测、报警、水泵控制及短信通知功能测试
5.3 温度检测、报警、水泵控制及短信通知功能测试
5.4 余量检测、报警、入口控制及短信通知功能测试
5.5 重量检测、报警、入口控制及短信通知功能测试
5.6 多参数显示与按键阈值设置功能测试
6 总结
参考文献
致谢
附录A 原理图
附录B PCB
附录C 主程序
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