设计说明书
总字数：20000+
摘要
随着农业智能化发展，农田环境参数的精准监测与调控成为保障作物生长、提高产量的关键。传统农场管理依赖人工巡检，存在监测不及时、调控滞后、人力成本高的问题，一旦温湿度失衡、CO₂超标、光照不足或土壤环境异常，易影响作物生长，造成经济损失。因此，研发一套能实时监测多环境参数、自动调控且支持远程管理的智慧农场系统，对推动农业高效发展十分必要。
本设计提出基于 STM32F103C8T6 单片机的智慧农场系统。系统功能包括：通过 DHT11 检测环境温湿度，超出设定范围时触发声光报警并在手机端提示；通过 SGP30 检测 CO₂浓度，超标时继电器控制风扇通风；通过 5516 光敏检测模块监测光照，不足时继电器控制补光灯补光；通过七合一土壤环境测量模块检测土壤温度、湿度、PH 值、电导率及氮磷钾含量，土壤湿度过低或 PH 异常时，继电器控制水泵加水中和；可通过按键现场设置各参数阈值，OLED 显示屏实时显示测量值；通过 ESP8266-12F WIFI 模块将数据传至手机端，手机端也可远程设置阈值。
该系统为农场管理提供实时、精准的智能方案，通过多参数协同监测与自动调控，减少人工干预，及时解决环境异常问题，助力提升作物产量与品质，推动传统农业向智慧农业转型。
关键词：STM32F103C8T6；智慧农场；环境监测；自动调控
Abstract
With the development of agricultural intelligence, precise monitoring and regulation of farmland environmental parameters have become the key to ensuring crop growth and increasing yields. Traditional farm management relies on manual inspections, which suffer from problems such as untimely monitoring, lagging regulation, and high labor costs. Once there is an imbalance in temperature and humidity, excessive CO ₂, insufficient light, or abnormal soil environment, it can easily affect crop growth and cause economic losses. Therefore, developing a smart farm system that can monitor multiple environmental parameters in real time, automatically regulate and support remote management is essential for promoting efficient agricultural development.
This design proposes a smart farm system based on STM32F103C8T6 microcontroller. The system functions include: detecting environmental temperature and humidity through DHT11, triggering sound and light alarms when it exceeds the set range, and prompting on the mobile phone; Detecting CO ₂ concentration through SGP30, and controlling fan ventilation with relay when exceeding the standard; Monitor the illumination through the 5516 photosensitive detection module, and when it is insufficient, the relay controls the supplementary light to supplement the illumination; Detect soil temperature, humidity, pH value, conductivity, and nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium content through a seven in one soil environment measurement module. When the soil humidity is too low or the pH is abnormal, the relay controls the water pump to add water for neutralization; Various parameter thresholds can be set on-site through buttons, and the OLED display screen displays the measured values in real-time; The data is transmitted to the mobile phone through the ESP8266-12F WIFI module, and the threshold can also be remotely set on the mobile phone.
This system provides real-time and accurate intelligent solutions for farm management. Through multi parameter collaborative monitoring and automatic regulation, it reduces manual intervention, timely solves environmental problems, helps improve crop yield and quality, and promotes the transformation of traditional agriculture to smart agriculture.
Keywords： STM32F103C8T6; Smart Farm; Environmental monitoring; Automatic regulation
目 录
1 绪论
1.1 研究背景及意义
1.2 国内外研究现状
1.3 主要内容
2 系统总体方案设计
2.1系统总体设计
2.2 主要模块方案选择
3 系统硬件设计
3.1 总体硬件框架
3.2 主控模块电路设计
3.3 温湿度检测模块电路设计
3.4 CO₂检测模块电路设计
3.5 光照检测模块电路设计
3.6 土壤参数检测模块电路设计
3.7 声光报警模块电路设计
3.8 执行调控模块电路设计
3.9 显示模块电路设计
3.10 按键模块电路设计
3.11 远程通信模块电路设计
4 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 主机系统主流程设计
4.3 独立按键
4.4 温湿度检测模块子流程
4.5 土壤环境检测模块子流程设计
4.6 SGP30模块子流程设计
4.7 光照检测模块子流程设计
4.8 OLED显示流程设计
4.9 WiFi模块子流程设计
4.10 声光报警模块子流程设计
5 实物制作与功能测试
5.1 实物制作
5.2 温湿度检测、声光报警及手机提示功能测试
5.3 CO₂检测与风扇控制功能测试
5.4 光照检测与补光灯控制功能测试
5.5 土壤参数检测与水泵控制功能测试
5.6 阈值设置与远程管理功能测试
6 总结
参考文献
致谢
附录A 原理图
附录B PCB
附录C 主程序
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