设计说明书
总字数：20000+
摘要
随着人们对阅读环境舒适度与安全性要求的提升，图书馆内温湿度、烟雾、噪声及人员活动等环境参数的实时监测与调控，成为保障读者体验、维护场馆安全的重要环节。图书馆作为人员密集、书籍集中的公共场所，温湿度过高或过低易导致书籍霉变、纸张老化，烟雾超标可能引发火灾隐患，噪声过大则会破坏阅读氛围，而传统人工巡检存在监测滞后、调控不及时的问题，难以满足精细化管理需求。因此，研发一套能实时监测多环境参数、自动处置异常且支持远程管理的图书馆环境监测系统，具有重要的现实意义。
本设计提出一种基于 STM32F103C8T6 单片机的图书馆环境监测系统。系统主要功能包括：通过 DHT11 检测馆内温湿度，温度低于设置最小值时继电器控制加热片工作，高于最大值时继电器控制制冷片通风，湿度高于最大值时继电器驱动风扇通风；通过 MQ-2 检测烟雾值，浓度超最大值时启动风扇通风并触发声光报警；通过 D203S 人体监测模块判断是否有人，有人时继电器控制照明开启；通过声音监测（模拟量）模块检测噪声，超最大值时 OLED 显示屏显示 “请大家保持安静” 且 LED 灯闪烁；可通过按键设置温湿度、烟雾阈值，控制加热、制冷、通风、照明；通过 OLED 显示屏实时显示温湿度、烟雾状态、人员存在情况及噪声分贝；通过 ESP8266-12F WIFI 模块将测量数据发送至手机端，手机端可设置各阈值并控制加热、制冷、通风、照明。
该图书馆环境监测系统的作用在于，为图书馆提供了一套智能化、自动化的环境管理方案。通过多参数实时监测与自动调控，保障馆内温湿度适宜、无安全隐患、环境安静，提升读者阅读体验；同时支持远程管理，减少人工干预，降低管理成本，为图书馆精细化运营提供技术支撑。
关键词：STM32F103C8T6；环境监测；传感器；ESP8266-12F
Library Environmental Monitoring System
Abstract
With the increasing emphasis on reading environment comfort and safety, real-time monitoring and regulation of environmental parameters such as temperature, humidity, smoke, noise, and personnel activity in libraries have become crucial for ensuring reader experience and maintaining venue safety. As densely populated public spaces with concentrated books, libraries are highly susceptible to issues like mold growth and paper aging due to extreme temperature or humidity levels. Excessive smoke may pose fire hazards, while excessive noise can disrupt the reading atmosphere. Traditional manual inspections, however, suffer from delayed monitoring and insufficient regulatory responsiveness, failing to meet the demands of refined management. Therefore, developing a library environmental monitoring system capable of real-time multi-parameter tracking, automatic anomaly handling, and remote management holds significant practical importance.
This design proposes a library environmental monitoring system based on the STM32F103C8T6 microcontroller. The system’s main functions include: – Detecting indoor temperature and humidity via the DHT11 sensor, activating heating elements when the temperature falls below the set minimum or cooling elements via ventilation when it exceeds the maximum threshold, and driving fans for ventilation when humidity surpasses the maximum level. – Monitoring smoke levels with the MQ-2 sensor, triggering fan ventilation and sound/visual alarms when concentrations exceed the maximum threshold. – Using the D203S human presence detection module to determine occupancy, activating lighting via relays when someone is present. – Detecting noise levels (analog input) and displaying “Please keep quiet” on the OLED screen while flashing LEDs when the noise exceeds the maximum threshold. – Allowing threshold settings for temperature, humidity, and smoke levels via buttons to control heating, cooling, ventilation, and lighting. – Real-time display of temperature, humidity, smoke status, occupancy, and noise decibels on the OLED screen. – Transmitting measurement data to a mobile app via the ESP8266-12F Wi-Fi module, enabling threshold adjustments and control over heating, cooling, ventilation, and lighting from the app.
The function of this library environmental monitoring system is to provide an intelligent and automated environmental management solution for libraries. Through real-time multi-parameter monitoring and automatic regulation, it ensures suitable temperature and humidity levels, eliminates safety hazards, maintains a quiet environment, and enhances readers’ experience. Additionally, it supports remote management, reduces manual intervention, lowers operational costs, and offers technical support for the refined operation of libraries.
Keywords：STM32F103C8T6; Environmental Monitoring; Sensor; ESP8266-12F
目 录
1 绪论
1.1 研究背景及意义
1.2 国内外研究现状
1.3 主要内容
2 系统总体方案设计
2.1系统总体设计
2.2 主要模块方案选择
3 系统硬件设计
3.1 总体硬件框架
3.2 主控模块电路设计
3.3 温湿度检测模块电路设计
3.4 烟雾检测模块电路设计
3.5 人体监测模块电路设计
3.6 声音监测模块电路设计
3.7 声光报警与提示模块电路设计
3.8 执行调控模块电路设计
3.9 显示模块电路设计
3.10 按键模块电路设计
3.11 远程通信模块电路设计
4 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 独立按键
4.4 烟雾检测模块子流程设计
4.5 温湿度检测模块子流程
4.6 人体热释电感应模块子流程设计
4.7 声音检测模块子流程设计
4.8 OLED显示流程设计
4.9 声光报警模块子流程设计
4.10 WiFi模块子流程设计
5 实物制作与功能测试
5.1 实物制作
5.2 温湿度检测与调控功能测试
5.3 烟雾检测与报警通风功能测试
5.4 人体监测与照明控制功能测试
5.5 声音检测与提示功能测试
5.6 阈值设置与远程管理功能测试
6 总结
参考文献
致谢
附录A 原理图
附录B PCB
附录C 主程序
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