设计说明书
总字数：16000+
摘要
随着社会对视障群体出行安全关注度的提升，为视障人士提供精准、及时的环境感知与安全提醒工具，成为改善其出行体验、降低意外风险的重要环节。视障人士在日常出行中，易因无法及时察觉前方障碍物、地面水源或靠近人群而面临安全隐患，传统导盲拐杖仅能通过物理接触感知路况，功能单一、预警滞后，难以满足复杂出行场景的需求。因此，研发一款具备多场景环境监测、实时预警及位置追踪功能的智能导盲拐杖控制系统，具有重要的现实意义与社会价值。
本设计提出一种基于 STM32F103C8T6 单片机的智能导盲拐杖控制系统。系统主要功能包括：通过 E18-D80NK 光电传感器检测前方障碍物，当检测距离超出设定临界值时，触发蜂鸣器报警，提醒使用者前方存在危险；通过电压式雨水检测传感器检测地面水源，当前方地面出现水源时，CN-TTS 语音模块播报提醒，避免使用者滑倒；通过 D203S 人体红外检测模块判断是否有人靠近，有人靠近时，蜂鸣器报警并联动 CN-TTS 语音模块播报 “前方有人”；通过 ATGM332D-5N GPS 模块获取使用者经纬度信息，支持监护人通过手机 APP 查看位置，同时可通过 SIM900A GSM 模块发送位置相关短信，便于监护人实时掌握使用者动态。
该智能导盲拐杖控制系统的作用在于，为视障人士提供了一套多维度的出行安全辅助方案。通过多传感器协同监测与多方式预警，帮助视障人士提前规避障碍物、水源、人群等风险；位置追踪功能则为监护人提供了实时监护手段，进一步提升视障人士出行的安全性与独立性，助力其更好地融入社会生活。
关键词：STM32F103C8T6；导盲拐杖；传感器；SIM900A；CN-TTS
Design of Intelligent Guide Cane Control System
Abstract
With the increasing attention of society to the travel safety of visually impaired groups, providing accurate and timely environmental perception and safety reminder tools for visually impaired people has become an important link in improving their travel experience and reducing accident risks. Visually impaired individuals are prone to safety hazards in their daily travels due to the inability to detect obstacles, ground water sources, or proximity to crowds in a timely manner. Traditional guide canes can only perceive road conditions through physical contact, with single functions and lagging warning, making it difficult to meet the needs of complex travel scenarios. Therefore, developing an intelligent guide cane control system with multi scenario environmental monitoring, real-time warning, and location tracking functions has important practical significance and social value.
This design proposes an intelligent guide cane control system based on STM32F103C8T6 microcontroller. The main functions of the system include: detecting obstacles ahead through E18-D80NK photoelectric sensors, triggering a buzzer alarm when the detection distance exceeds the set critical value, reminding the user of the danger ahead; By using a voltage based rainwater detection sensor to detect ground water sources, when a water source appears on the front ground, the CN-TTS voice module will broadcast a reminder to prevent users from slipping; Use the D203S human infrared detection module to determine if someone is approaching. When someone is approaching, the buzzer will sound an alarm and the CN-TTS voice module will broadcast the message “There is someone ahead”; The user’s latitude and longitude information is obtained through the ATGM332D-5N GPS module, which supports guardians to view their location through a mobile app. At the same time, location related SMS can be sent through the SIM900A GSM module, making it easy for guardians to keep track of the user’s real-time updates.
The function of this intelligent guide cane control system is to provide a multi-dimensional travel safety assistance solution for visually impaired individuals. Through multi-sensor collaborative monitoring and multiple warning methods, help visually impaired individuals avoid risks such as obstacles, water sources, and crowds in advance; The location tracking function provides real-time monitoring means for guardians, further enhancing the safety and independence of visually impaired people’s travel, and helping them better integrate into social life.
Keywords：STM32F103C8T6; Guide cane; Sensors; SIM900A； CN-TTS
目 录
1 绪论
1.1 研究背景及意义
1.2 国内外研究现状
1.3 主要内容
2 系统总体方案设计
2.1系统总体设计
2.2 主要模块方案选择
3 系统硬件设计
3.1 总体硬件框架
3.2 主控模块电路设计
3.3 障碍物检测模块电路设计
3.4 水源检测模块电路设计
3.5 人体红外检测模块电路设计
3.6 GPS 定位模块电路设计
3.7 GSM 通信模块电路设计
3.8 语音提示模块电路设计
3.9 预警模块电路设计
4 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 光电检测模块子流程设计
4.4 地面积水检测模块子流程设计
4.5 人体热释电感应模块子流程设计
4.6 GPS模块子流程设计
4.7 GSM模块子流程设计
4.8 语音播报模块子流程设计
4.9 蜂鸣器报警模块子流程设计
5 实物制作与功能测试
5.1 实物制作
5.2 障碍物检测与报警功能测试
5.3 水源检测与语音提示功能测试
5.4 人体红外检测与报警功能测试
5.5 GPS 定位与 GSM 短信功能测试
6 总结
参考文献
致谢
附录A 原理图
附录B PCB
附录C 主程序
购买后可查看具体内容！