设计说明书
总字数：20000+
摘要
随着人们生活品质的提升，观赏型鱼缸成为家居装饰与休闲放松的重要选择，而鱼缸水温、水质的稳定与否直接影响观赏鱼的生存状态与鱼缸观赏效果。水温异常易导致观赏鱼应激、生病甚至死亡，水质恶化则会引发水体浑浊、异味，破坏鱼缸生态环境；传统鱼缸管理依赖人工定期监测与操作，不仅耗时费力，还易因疏忽导致环境失衡，难以满足观赏鱼对稳定生长环境的需求。因此，研发一款能自动监测、调控鱼缸环境且兼具观赏功能的智能控制系统，具有重要的实用价值。
本设计提出一种基于 STC89C52 单片机的观赏型鱼缸智能控制系统。系统主要功能包括：通过防水式 DS18B20 温度传感器监测鱼缸水温，当温度低于设定最小值时，继电器控制加热棒加热，高于设定最大值时，继电器控制风扇降温；通过 TDS 水质监测模块配合 ADC0832 模数转换器检测鱼缸水质，当水质值大于设置最大值时，继电器控制两个水泵（一个加水、一个抽水）实现自动换水；通过 DFPlayer Mini MP3 模块定时播放音乐，播放时联动 RGB 彩灯闪烁，提升观赏体验；当检测到水温不在设定范围或水质超标时，触发声光报警模块提醒用户；支持通过按键设置水温、水质等参数阈值；通过 LCD1602 显示屏实时显示水温、水质等测量数据。
该观赏型鱼缸智能控制系统的作用在于，为用户提供了一套自动化、智能化的鱼缸管理方案。通过自动监测与调控水温、水质，保障观赏鱼生存环境稳定，减少人工干预成本；音乐与彩灯的联动设计则增强了鱼缸的观赏趣味性，为家居环境增添氛围，提升用户使用体验。
关键词：STC89C52；智能鱼缸；传感器；LCD1602
Intelligent control system for ornamental fish tank
Abstract
With the improvement of people’s quality of life, ornamental fish tanks have become an important choice for home decoration and leisure relaxation. The stability of water temperature and quality in fish tanks directly affects the survival status and ornamental effect of ornamental fish. Abnormal water temperature can easily cause stress, illness, and even death in ornamental fish, while deterioration of water quality can lead to turbidity, odor, and damage to the ecological environment of fish tanks; Traditional fish tank management relies on regular manual monitoring and operation, which is not only time-consuming and laborious, but also prone to environmental imbalance due to negligence, making it difficult to meet the needs of ornamental fish for a stable growth environment. Therefore, developing an intelligent control system that can automatically monitor and regulate the fish tank environment while also having ornamental functions has important practical value.
This design proposes an intelligent control system for ornamental fish tanks based on STC89C52 microcontroller. The main functions of the system include: monitoring the water temperature of the fish tank through a waterproof DS18B20 temperature sensor. When the temperature is below the set minimum value, the relay controls the heating rod to heat up. When it is above the set maximum value, the relay controls the fan to cool down; The TDS water quality monitoring module is used in conjunction with ADC0832 analog-to-digital converter to detect the water quality of the fish tank. When the water quality value is greater than the set maximum value, the relay controls two water pumps (one for adding water and one for pumping water) to automatically change the water; By using the DFPlayer Mini MP3 module to play music on a scheduled basis, the RGB color lights will flash in sync during playback, enhancing the viewing experience; When the water temperature is not within the set range or the water quality exceeds the standard, the sound and light alarm module is triggered to remind the user; Support setting threshold values for parameters such as water temperature and quality through buttons; Real time display of measurement data such as water temperature and quality through the LCD1602 display screen.
The function of this ornamental fish tank intelligent control system is to provide users with an automated and intelligent fish tank management solution. Through automatic monitoring and control of water temperature and quality, the survival environment of ornamental fish is stable and the cost of manual intervention is reduced; The linkage design of music and colorful lights enhances the viewing interest of the fish tank, adds atmosphere to the home environment, and improves the user experience.
Keywords： STC89C52; Intelligent fish tank; Sensors; LCD1602
目 录
1 绪论
1.1 研究背景及意义
1.2 国内外研究现状
1.3 主要内容
2 系统总体方案设计
2.1系统总体设计
2.2 主要模块方案选择
3 系统硬件设计
3.1 总体硬件框架
3.2 主控模块电路设计
3.3 水温检测模块电路设计
3.4 水质检测与模数转换模块电路设计
3.5 执行调控（继电器）模块电路设计
3.6 显示模块电路设计
3.7 声光报警模块电路设计
3.8 观赏功能（MP3 与 RGB 彩灯）模块电路设计
3.9 按键模块电路设计
4 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 独立按键
4.4 A/D模数转换子流程
4.5 温度检测模块子流程
4.6 水质检测模块子流程设计
4.7 LCD1602液晶显示子流程
4.8 RGB灯模块子流程设计
4.9 MP3音乐播放模块子流程设计
4.10 声光报警模块子流程设计
5 实物制作与功能测试
5.1 实物制作
5.2 水温检测与温度调控功能测试
5.3 水质检测与自动换水功能测试
5.4 声光报警功能测试
5.5 观赏功能（音乐与 RGB 彩灯）测试
5.6 按键设置与显示功能测试
6 总结
参考文献
致谢
附录A 原理图
附录B PCB
附录C 主程序
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