设计说明书
总字数：17000+
摘要
随着社会对视障群体关注度的提升，如何为盲人出行提供安全、便捷的辅助工具成为重要课题。盲人在日常出行中，常面临前方障碍物躲避不及时、光照不足时易被路人忽视、突发情况无法快速联系监护人等问题，这些安全隐患严重影响其出行安全与独立性。因此，研发一款集成多维度安全保障功能的智能导盲拐杖，对提升盲人出行安全性与便利性具有重要意义。
本设计提出了一种基于 STM32F103C8T6 单片机的导盲拐杖。系统主要功能包括：通过 HC-R04 超声波传感器检测前方障碍物，当检测距离小于设置最小值时，触发蜂鸣器报警提醒；借助 ATGM332D-5N GPS 模块获取当前定位信息；通过 5516 光敏电阻检测光照强度，当光照小于最小值时，自动控制 LED 灯闪烁以提醒路人；盲人可通过 SIM900A GSM 模块将当前经纬度发送至监护人员手机，监护人员发送指令 “PLACE” 也可获取盲人当前位置；同时，盲人通过按键可一键发送经纬度信息，且系统通过 OLED 显示屏显示使用者、监护人、住址及电话信息。
该导盲拐杖的作用在于，为盲人提供了一种集成障碍物检测、定位、光照提醒与紧急联络的多功能辅助工具。通过多模块协同工作，能从多方面保障盲人出行安全，帮助盲人应对出行中的各类风险，同时方便监护人员实时掌握盲人位置，提升盲人出行的独立性与安全性，改善其生活质量。
关键词：STM32F103C8T6；导盲拐杖；传感器；GPS；GSM 模块
Design of Guide Cane Based on STM32 Microcontroller
Abstract
With the increasing attention of society to the visually impaired, how to provide safe and convenient assistive tools for their travel has become an important issue. Blind people often face problems in their daily travel, such as not avoiding obstacles in a timely manner, being easily overlooked by pedestrians when there is insufficient lighting, and being unable to quickly contact guardians in emergency situations. These safety hazards seriously affect their travel safety and independence. Therefore, developing an intelligent guide cane that integrates multi-dimensional security protection functions is of great significance for improving the safety and convenience of blind people’s travel.
This design proposes a guide cane based on STM32F103C8T6 microcontroller. The main functions of the system include: detecting obstacles ahead through HC-R04 ultrasonic sensors, and triggering a buzzer alarm reminder when the detection distance is less than the set minimum value; Obtain current positioning information using the ATGM332D-5N GPS module; By detecting the light intensity through a 5516 photoresistor, when the light intensity is below the minimum value, the LED light will automatically flash to alert pedestrians; Blind people can send their current latitude and longitude to the guardian’s mobile phone through the SIM900A GSM module, and the guardian can also obtain the blind person’s current location by sending the command “PLAY”; At the same time, blind people can send latitude and longitude information with just one button, and the system displays user, guardian, address, and phone information on an OLED display screen.
The function of this guide cane is to provide a multifunctional auxiliary tool for blind people that integrates obstacle detection, positioning, lighting reminders, and emergency communication. Through the collaborative work of multiple modules, it can ensure the safety of blind people’s travel from multiple aspects, help them cope with various risks during travel, and facilitate guardians to grasp the location of blind people in real time, enhance the independence and safety of blind people’s travel, and improve their quality of life.
Keywords：STM32F103C8T6; Guide cane; Sensors; GPS； GSM module
目 录
1 绪论
1.1 研究背景及意义
1.2 国内外研究现状
1.3 主要内容
2 系统总体方案设计
2.1系统总体设计
2.2 主要模块方案选择
3 系统硬件设计
3.1 总体硬件框架
3.2 主控模块电路设计
3.3 障碍物检测模块电路设计
3.4 定位模块电路设计
3.5 光照检测与 LED 提醒模块电路设计
3.6 通信模块电路设计
3.7 按键模块电路设计
3.8 显示模块电路设计
3.9 蜂鸣器报警模块电路设计
4 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 独立按键
4.4 超声波检测模块子流程
4.5 OLED显示流程设计
4.6 GSM模块子流程设计
4.7 光照检测模块子流程设计
4.8 GPS模块子流程设计
5 实物制作与功能测试
5.1 实物制作
5.2 障碍物检测与蜂鸣器报警功能测试
5.3 光照检测与 LED 提醒功能测试
5.4 GPS 定位与 GSM 通信功能测试
5.5 OLED 显示功能测试
6 总结
参考文献
致谢
附录A 原理图
附录B PCB
附录C 主程序
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