设计说明书
总字数：17000+
摘要
随着人口老龄化加剧，独居老人的安全与健康监护成为社会关注的重要问题。独居老人在日常生活中，若心率、血氧等生理指标出现异常未能及时发现，或发生跌倒等意外情况无法及时求助，可能会延误救治时机，危及生命安全。因此，研发一种能实时监测老人生理状态与安全情况、并具备异常预警功能的独居老人看护系统十分必要。
本设计提出了一种基于 STM32F103C8T6 单片机的独居老人看护系统。系统主要功能包括：通过 MAX3012 模块获取老人的心率与血氧值，当心率大于设置最大值或小于设置最小值时，启动蜂鸣器报警，并通过 SIM900A 模块发送 “心率值异常” 预警信息；当血氧值小于设置最小值时，同样触发蜂鸣器报警，且 SIM900A 模块发送 “血氧值异常” 预警信息；借助 MPU6050 模块获取老人的运动步数与姿态信息，当检测到倾斜时间大于 5s（视为跌倒）时，立即启动蜂鸣器报警，同时通过 SIM900A 模块发送 “老人跌倒” 求助信息；用户可通过按键设置心率最大最小值、血氧最小值，也能通过按键启动或关闭报警功能（报警启动时 LED 灯点亮）；通过 OLED 显示屏实时显示心率、血氧、步数及运动状态（正常 / 跌倒）。
该独居老人看护系统的作用在于，为独居老人提供了一种全天候、智能化的安全与健康监护工具。通过实时监测生理指标与运动状态，及时触发报警并发送预警信息，能帮助老人在出现异常或意外时快速获得帮助，有效降低安全风险，同时也为家属或看护人员提供了远程监护支持，缓解对独居老人的监护压力，保障老人的生活安全与健康。
关键词：STM32F103C8T6；独居老人；MAX3012；跌倒检测；SIM900A
Single person elderly care system based on microcontroller
Abstract
With the intensification of population aging, the safety and health monitoring of elderly people living alone have become important issues of social concern. If the physiological indicators such as heart rate and blood oxygen of elderly people living alone are not detected in a timely manner in their daily lives, or if unexpected situations such as falls occur and they cannot seek help in a timely manner, it may delay the timing of treatment and endanger their life safety. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a single elderly care system that can monitor the physiological status and safety of the elderly in real time, and has abnormal warning functions.
This design proposes a single elderly care system based on STM32F103C8T6 microcontroller. The main functions of the system include: obtaining the heart rate and blood oxygen values of the elderly through the MAX3012 module, triggering a buzzer alarm when the heart rate is greater than the set maximum value or less than the set minimum value, and sending an “abnormal heart rate value” warning message through the SIM900A module; When the blood oxygen value is less than the set minimum value, the buzzer alarm is also triggered, and the SIM900A module sends a warning message of “abnormal blood oxygen value”; Using the MPU6050 module to obtain the elderly’s movement steps and posture information, when the tilt time is detected to be greater than 5 seconds (considered a fall), the buzzer will immediately sound an alarm, and at the same time, the SIM900A module will send a “elderly fall” distress message; Users can set the maximum and minimum heart rate and blood oxygen levels by pressing the buttons, and can also activate or deactivate the alarm function by pressing the buttons (the LED light will light up when the alarm is activated); Real time display of heart rate, blood oxygen, step count, and exercise status (normal/fall) through OLED display screen.
The purpose of this single elderly care system is to provide a 24/7, intelligent safety and health monitoring tool for single elderly people. By monitoring physiological indicators and exercise status in real-time, triggering alarms and sending warning information in a timely manner, it can help the elderly quickly obtain help in case of abnormalities or accidents, effectively reducing safety risks. At the same time, it also provides remote monitoring support for family members or caregivers, relieving the monitoring pressure on elderly people living alone and ensuring their safety and health.
Keywords：STM32F103C8T6; Elderly people living alone; MAX3012； Fall detection; SIM900A
目 录
1 绪论
1.1 研究背景及意义
1.2 国内外研究现状
1.3 主要内容
2 系统总体方案设计
2.1系统总体设计
2.2 主要模块方案选择
3 系统硬件设计
3.1 总体硬件框架
3.2 主控模块电路设计
3.3 生理指标检测模块电路设计
3.4 姿态与运动检测模块电路设计
3.5 显示模块电路设计
3.6 按键模块电路设计
3.7 声光报警模块电路设计
3.8 GSM 通信模块电路设计
4 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 独立按键
4.4 心率血氧模块子流程设计
4.5 MPU6050模块子流程设计
4.6 GSM模块子流程设计
4.8OLED显示流程设计
4.9 声光报警模块子流程设计
5 实物制作与功能测试
5.1 实物制作
5.2 心率血氧检测及显示功能测试
5.3 步数统计与跌倒识别功能测试
5.4 声光报警功能测试
5.5 GSM 短信发送功能测试
5.6 按键参数设置与报警启停功能测试
6 总结
参考文献
致谢
附录A 原理图
附录B PCB
附录C 主程序
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